This study describes a novel hydrometallurgical approach for efficient copper recovery from low-grade ores. Improvement in the copper extraction efficiency was explored by employing blends of acids (sulfuric acid and nitric acid) and an oxidizing agent along with exposure to microwave and ultraviolet radiation. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to characterize the ores' elemental composition, morphology, and mineralogy, revealing the presence of wroewolfeite, chalcopyrite, and other mineral phases. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) investigated the thermal stability of the ore samples. Under optimal leaching conditions (liquid-solid ratio of 15:1 mL g^-1, copper ore particle size of 55-65 μm, and stirring for 30 min at 300 rpm), the method demonstrated an outstanding copper leaching efficiency of 96.8%. Solvent extraction was performed efficiently with the pregnant leach solution, further enhancing copper extraction to 97.9% within less than a minute of loading time. These results underscore the effectiveness of the modified hydrometallurgical approach for extracting copper from low-grade ores and hint at its potential for extracting other metals. Such versatility of this approach makes a significant contribution to the field of hydrometallurgy.

Algal-based membrane bioreactors (AMBRs) have gained attention due to the increasing need for sustainable wastewater treatment methods.

Meeting the energy demands of modern society remains a significant issue in pursuing safe, sustainable, and highly effective fuel generation. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a contemporary method for hydrogen production and many novel electrocatalysts have been explored recently to enhance the efficiency of O₂ evolution. This study focuses on: (i) the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) using the leaf extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum; (ii) doping with transition/alkaline earth metals (Co, Zn, Mg, and Ca); and (iii) their OER potential. The NPs were characterized in detail via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, and square wave voltammetry (SWV), all of which confirmed the successful formation of these NPs. A glassy carbon electrode modified with NPs was used to evaluate OER potential. The Co-doped NPs attained a high electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of 0.089 cm², which also coincides with a high intrinsic activity attained via a Tafel slope of 58 mV dec⁻¹ and turnover frequency (TOF) up to 0.38 s⁻¹. Among all variants, Co-doped nanoparticles exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance with the lowest E_onset, demonstrating their potential as an efficient and sustainable OER catalyst. This study underscores the potential of plant extract mediated approaches to synthesise NPs for application in energy conversion and storage devices.

Vegetables are the most essential part of our diet. Several pesticides are used to kill the pests. These pest cause different diseases on vegetable plants. As a result of which they are getting more and more production of vegetables but there are many hazards for humans. To get rid of this problem, a simple QuEChERS method is used which is based on solvent extraction method in which different salts and acetonitrile were used. In this method clean-up process and extraction were important HPLC technique is used to determine the accurate results. Despicable recoveries of fungicides were ranges between 0.63% to 107.68% at spiking levels and at different factors through percentage RSD between 3.6% to 4.7%. LOD of two fungicides were in the range of 0.0021mg/kg to 0.00181mg/kg and LOQ of two fungicides were in the range of 0.0706mg/kg to 0.00606mg/kg. By varying many factors the recoveries of fungicides may vary. The recoveries of two fungicides may increase by increasing temperature, pH and concentration but decrease with the passage of time due to degradation of fungicides. By this QuEChERS method we get different concentration of fungicides in some vegetables but in Methi vegetables they are absent. And determinations and extraction of fungicides were completed by HPLC technique. QuEChERS method is very efficient and good method for determination of pesticides in various vegetables. Hence our experimental results were validated with this efficient method.