Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), also known as Smart Transportation, is an infusion of information and communication technologies into transportation. ITS are a key component of smart cities, which have seen rapid global development in the last few decades. This has in turn translated to an increase in the deployment and adoption of ITS, particularly in countries in the Western world. Unfortunately, this is not the case with the developing countries of Africa and Asia, where dilapidated road infrastructure, poorly maintained public/mass transit vehicles and poverty are major concerns. However, the impact of Westernization and “imported technologies” cannot be overlooked; thus, despite the aforementioned challenges, ITS have found their way into African cities. In this paper, a systematic review was performed to determine the state of the art of ITS in Africa. The output of this systematic review was then fed into a hybrid multi-criteria model to analyse the research landscape, identify connections between published works and reveal research gaps and inequalities in African ITS. African peculiarities inhibiting the widespread implementation of ITS were then discussed, followed by the development of a conceptual architecture for an integrated ITS for African cities.

Software testing is a crucial part of software development, it ensures that the software been developed performs all functional requirements and is free from any form of defect and errors. This ensures that the software is of good quality and standard. While testing a software, it is important to be time and cost consciousness. This reason has made most testers switch from the manual testing process to automation of software testing, to reduce time and cost. But then selecting a software testing tool for automated testing that best fit a project is important yet challenging task, the objective of this paper is to evaluate some of the most used software testing tool, identify their strength and weakness and also the field where they can be employed, either for mobile testing, web service testing or both. The method utilized in the paper involved the analysis of recommended literatures to pinpoint necessary testing tools selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, that were evaluated. The result of the analysis indicted that based on the selected criteria, testing tools that supports web platform testing made up 17%, while tools that supported desktop and mobile platforms was 10% and 7% respectively. also, 7% of the tools examined were found to be open source tools while 12% were licensed tools. 10% of the testing tools examined supported the test result and report generation criterion while tools that require the knowledge of programming language was least as only 3% of examined tools supported this criterion. It was observed that there is no one perfect tool for testing, but for a particular testing purpose, tradeoffs can be made to select the best tool depending on the size of the project, the budgeted cost for testing, the platform of the application and also the language that is used to develop the project.

Cloud computing is a desirable paradigm that is providing services to users in a convenient manner and ensuring that Cloud service providers have value for their infrastructure. Applications designed to run explicitly on the Cloud are usually referred to as Cloud-native applications. Determining a research focus in a particular field of study is sometimes challenging. A systematic mapping study gives an insight into the research level that is being conducted in any field of interest. The results generated from such study are presented using a map. The method used in this study was analyzing three facets categories namely, topics, research and contribution. Topics were retrieved from primary studies, while type of research such as evaluation and contribution such as tool, were used in the analysis. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic mapping study of Cloud-native applications designs and engineering. This will provide an insight into the frequency of work that has been done in cloud-native applications area. The results showed that from publications relating to security in the field of metric (1.94%), more articles in the topic of application in terms of tool (13.59%), more work done on architecture in terms of model (15.53%), more papers published on Cloud migration in the area of method (10.68%). Furthermore, 11.82% publications were identified on applications in terms of evaluation research, more publication on implementation in the area of validation research (1.82%), more publications on implementation in solution research (6.36%), more publications on security and application with respect to philosophical research (1.82%) and more work done on applications in terms of experience research (6.36%). From the study, several gaps were identified which would be beneficial to researchers, practitioners and providers.

Cloud computing is a standard that is fast gaining momentum in the IT world. The availability of storage capacity that can be accessed and increased as the need arises makes computing easier. Applications can also be deployed using services provided by a cloud service provider. Portability allows utilization of applications and services across various domains. Portability could be in the area of programming language, application programming interface, data storage or data migration. Clearly, the easier it is to move services across various providers, the more attractive cloud computing becomes. The study was executed by means of review of some literature available on cloud application portability. This chapter examines current trends in cloud application portability area and gives focus for future research. In the present work, the objective is to answer the following question: what is the current trend and development in cloud application portability? Papers published in journals, conferences, white papers, and reputable magazines were analyzed. Some core topic facets were used in this review for the identification of trends in cloud application portability. The finding is that discussions on virtualization and API-specific issues are not adequate. This will be of benefit to prospective cloud users and even cloud providers.