Infectious diseases, including vector-borne and antibiotic-resistant infections, present significant global health challenges, necessitating the exploration of natural alternatives for disease control. In this study, we investigated the essential oil (EO) profile as well as larvicidal and antibacterial properties of two wild Apiaceae species used in Algeria: Daucus carota L. (DCEO) and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (FVEO). EO was extracted from the aerial parts by steam distillation and analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Major constituents identified in DCEO were geranyl acetate (50.07%) and elemicin (10.77%), while FVEO contained estragole (24.93%), fenchone (20.20%), and α-phellandrene (17.96%). Both EOs were highly effective towards Culex pipiens larvae, with low LC₅₀ values of 30.6 ± 1.06 ppm for DCEO and 34.7 ± 1.06 ppm for FVEO, indicating their potential as bioinsecticides due to their bioactivity and bioavailability. Additionally, the two Eos demonstrated moderate antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA ATCC 43300, respectively, with DCEO showing MIC values of 10 and 20 mg/mL, respectively, and FVEO exhibiting MIC values > 20 mg/mL. However, both EOs showed limited effectiveness against gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603. These results highlight the potential applications of DCEO and FVEO as natural bioinsecticides and antibacterial agents, offering promising avenues for further research and development in pest control and food preservation.

This research develops the narrative on investigating the efficacy of the plant extracts of Retama raetam that is essential in treating the tick, Hyalommaaegyptium, developing in Testudo graeca. These Tortoise species lives in the Laghouat region of Southern Algeria.Various extracting solvents are used to extract the essential components of the Retama raetam plant. The Hyalommaaegyptium tick is a member of the species of tortoises, which pose a risk to other animals' existence, particularly that of turtles. Solvents, including methanol, ethanol, and acetone, extract the retama raetam plant. These extracts examine the plant extract to treatHyalommaaegyptium ticks. Ethanol-based Retama raetam plant extract has the highest efficacy. 100% of the ticks die after being exposed for 15 days. The mortality rate of acetone is 33%, while methanol has a 42% mortality rate. Medium lethal concentration tests (LC50) determined the extract concentration, which required the death of 50% of Hyalommaaegyptium ticks. Plant extracts based on ethanol tests have a concentration of 70 mg/ml, methanol; LC50 tests have an 80 mg/ml concentration, and acetone; LC50 tests have a 95 mg/mL concentration. These ticks can be effectively treated using ethanol-based plant extracts, which is crucial for animals' well-being and survival.

This innovative research investigates the composition and behavior of the phytoplankton community in the Kheneiga pond, a 6-hectare freshwater habitat situated in the dry region of Laghouat, Algeria. The ecological analysis, derived from monthly samples collected in 2022, indicates a severe community imbalance marked by the near-complete dominance of the cyanobacterium Spirulina (>99.9% of total abundance). The computed diversity indices (Shannon H' = 0.0086; Equitability E = 0.0016) demonstrate exceedingly low diversity and a markedly uneven distribution of taxa.Statistical analysis reveals that pH and mineralization parameters (conductivity, TDS) predominantly influence the structure of the phytoplankton community, accounting for over 58% of the observed variance in algal density. The temporal dynamics indicate a gradual shift from a diverse community to a near-total predominance of Spirulina, coinciding with an elevation in pH (from 7.46 to 8.65) and conductivity (from 2230 to 11480 μS/cm).This biological succession indicates a eutrophication phenomenon likely associated with wastewater discharges that partially nourish this wetland. The positive relationships between Spirulina density and organic load markers (COD, BOD) substantiate this hypothesis. The significant reduction of the phytoplankton community raises apprehensions regarding the ecosystem's resilience and its capacity to deliver diverse ecosystem services.This work underscores the susceptibility of continental aquatic ecosystems in dry regions to human-induced disturbances and stresses the necessity of adopting tailored management measures to safeguard the biodiversity of Saharan wetlands.

The analytical chemistry of medicinal plants has expanded considerably over recent decades. Plant extracts are complex mixtures that contain many bioactive metabolites, often at trace levels. Liqui...