Purpose: This study developed a theoretical model to test the relationship between digital capability and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and its effect on innovation performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach: The proposed theoretical model was evaluated using partial least-squares structural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. The data were obtained from a sample of 536 SMEs in Chile. Findings: The proposed model presented two dimensions of digital capability: management and information and communication technologies (ICTs). Management models composed of enterprise resource planning and customer relationship management systems are essential for optimizing organizational management. Meanwhile, ICTs facilitate the smooth flow of information within an organization, leading to improved efficiency in production processes. I4.0 is encouraged by exposing SMEs to base technologies such as data analytics. These results confirm that I4.0 influences innovation performance. Practical implications: SME managers should encourage the development of digital capabilities to transition toward I4.0, as this can make SMEs more competitive and innovative in changing and dynamic scenarios. Social implications: I4.0 adoption and the development of digital capabilities can directly affect employment and national economic growth. Originality/value: Most studies focus on the organizational factors affecting SMEs’ I4.0 adoption. They do not, however, address the role played by current digital capability in I4.0 technology adoption and its effect on firms’ innovation performance.

According to the literature on innovation, several vital factors or determinants favor innovation in companies. In the case of R&D, significant advances have been made in the last two decades, which have enriched our understanding of its impact on various innovation outcomes. However, due to a lack of data availability, its study is difficult to address in emerging markets. This is why, using microdata from 5588 firms, we investigate the relationship between R&D investment and the impact on product and process innovations in different Latin American countries. We contribute to the literature by employing a machine learning methodology and comparing its results to a traditional innovation model. Our findings demonstrate the behavior of both product and process innovation methods.

Industry 4.0 represents a crucial technological revolution for the modernization and competitiveness of companies, offering tools that enhance the efficiency, productivity, and sustainability of industrial processes. Adopting these technologies is essential, especially in crucial sectors such as mining, where their implementation can radically transform operations. This study investigates the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies among mining and non-mining companies in Chile, using data from the Survey of Access and Use of Information and Communication Technology in Companies. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified the main variables influencing technological adoption. The results indicate that mining companies are significantly more advanced in integrating technologies such as ERP, SCM, and Big Data, which optimize their operational processes and strengthen their competitiveness. In contrast, non-mining companies show a more dispersed adoption, which could limit their capacity for innovation. These findings underscore the importance of developing differentiated public policies that promote technological adoption in SMEs and less advanced sectors, also encouraging the development of internal capacities and collaboration between businesses and government to accelerate digital transformation.

Existe una gran preocupación por los desechos y la cooperación para avanzar hacia el desarrollo sostenible. Frente a este desafío, las organizaciones están implementando prácticas que controlan el consumo, reducen desechos y disminuyen el impacto negativo al medio ambiente, mediante estrategias que fomentan la Economía Circular (EC). Sin embargo, la literatura sobre la comprensión actual de las estrategias circulares en organizaciones no gubernamentales, como en las tiendas solidarias, es limitada. Por ello, el propósito de este estudio es comprender el comportamiento social de los stakeholders (administrador, asistentes de venta, compradores y donadores) a colaborar en una tienda solidaria que emplea estrategias de EC. Para abordar esto, se utilizó la Teoría de Comportamiento Planeado (TPB) y la teoría de stakeholders. Además, se consideró la metodología cualitativa de estudio de caso exploratorio que incorporó entrevistas semiestructuradas a doce stakeholders que participan en la tienda solidaria COANIQUEM chilena. Los resultados muestran que estas organizaciones, a través, de sus diferentes stakeholders con una actitud ambiental, social y económica, interactúan entre sí e impulsan comportamientos que favorecen las estrategias circulares de reutilizar, reciclar, y compartir, en las tiendas solidarias. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la literatura de EC en las organizaciones no gubernamentales y a la perspectiva de TPB al descomponer el constructo de actitud.

This study investigates how companies visually represent ethnic diversity through facial imagery in financial reports and how such representations contribute to the construction of corporate identity and legitimacy through impression management. Drawing on social semiotics and impression management theory, the analysis examines whether these visual portrayals reflect substantive inclusion or function primarily as aesthetic forms of compliance with prevailing social expectations. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques, the dataset was compiled through web scraping of annual financial reports issued by firms regulated by the Chilean Financial Markets Commission (CMF) between 2004 and 2020. From 3,670 PDF reports, facial images were extracted and matched with firm-level data, yielding a final yearly sample of 2,085 reports from 234 unique firms. The results indicate that higher levels of displayed happiness and periods of stronger economic growth are associated with lower levels of ethnic diversity in visual disclosures. In addition, ethnic diversity shows limited intersection with stereotypical portrayals of women—typically depicted as young and smiling—pointing to the persistence of gendered and aestheticized visual patterns. Overall, the findings suggest that firms selectively mobilize visual diversity to signal inclusivity while simultaneously reproducing dominant norms embedded in corporate identity. This study contributes to research on visual corporate communication by providing large-scale evidence on intersectional diversity in financial reporting and highlighting the limitations of inclusion strategies based solely on visibility.