Present in several types of food, bioactive amines are described as organic bases of low molecular weight, which constitute a potential health risk. An awareness of amine levels in foods today is therefore important in relation to food safety and patient care. This review aims to emphasise the need to unify the information on the content of biogenic amines in foods and prevent patients' misunderstanding. Selective literature search for relevant publications in PubMed and other scientific data bases combined with further data from the World Wide Web on histamine and other amines content in foods. Available reference sources do not reflect a homogeneous consensus, and the variation between foods makes it impossible for dieticians to accurately estimate amines content to correctly advise patients. To achieve the goal of collecting reliable information, all methods and tools used in analytical studies should be standardised and information exposed to patients should be verified.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been related to nutrient deficiencies and 'unhealthy' diets, and to date there is only one study that examined the relationship between the Mediterranean diet and ADHD. The aim was to determine the association between those environmental, nutritional, and body composition factors that may affect the pathogenesis and symptomatology of patients with ADHD in Spain. A total of 89 children and adolescents (41 with diagnosed ADHD and 48 controls) were studied in an observation case-control study. Anthropometry, nutritional status, adherence to a Mediterranean diet, sedentary behaviour, and sleep were measured. Lower adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with ADHD diagnosis. Individuals with ADHD more often missed having a second serving of vegetables daily and showed reduced intakes of fish, pulses, and pasta or rice almost every day when compared with controls. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for fish, cereal, no breakfast and commercially baked goods consumption. There were also statistically significant differences between ADHD individuals and controls when analysing sedentary behaviours and BMI (P < 0.05). Low adherence to a Mediterranean diet might play a role in ADHD development. Not only specific nutrients but also the whole diet should be considered in ADHD. No clear association was found for anthropometry and sedentary behaviours.

Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme that metabolizes intestinal histamine. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Amine Oxidase Copper Containing 1 (AOC1) gene can lead to low enzymatic activity or functionality in histamine metabolism. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DAO deficiency for four variants of the AOC1 gene, p.Thr16Met (rs10156191), p.Ser332Phe (rs1049742), p.His664Asp (rs1049793), and c.691G > T (rs2052129), in 98 Spanish women with fibromyalgia between the ages of 33 and 60 years, and compare the distribution of allelic and genotypic frequencies with those of European population samples in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium extracted from the Allele Frequency Aggregator (ALFA) database. The patients’ DNA was extracted, and analyzed using SNPE Multiplex (Single Nucleotide Primer Extension). The prevalence of genetic DAO deficiency was 74.5% based on the four variants of the AOC1 gene. SNP deficits were found at frequencies of 53.1% for p.Thr16Met, 49% for c.691G > T, 48% for p.His664Asp, and 19.4% for p.Ser332Phe. The allele and genotypic frequencies of the women with fibromyalgia did not differ from the European population. Variants of the AOC1 gene that are associated with genetic DAO deficiency could serve as a disruptive biomarker in patients with fibromyalgia. This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05389761.

Physical activity, adherence to a healthy diet, and healthy beverage pattern are considered essential components of a healthy lifestyle. We aimed to evaluate the associations between physical exercise, diet quality, and total fluid intake, along with fluid recommendations compliance in a sample of adults. Data on fluid intake from different types of beverages were collected in a cross-sectional study, in 1161 men and women between 18 and 65 years of age, using a fluid-specific diary. Exercise was evaluated with a self-reported questionnaire, and quality of diet was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI). Mean volume of water consumed was 1497.5 mL for men, 1309.5 mL for women. A total of 37.4% did not follow the recommendations of the European Food Safety Agency for total water intake. There was a statistically significant difference (P = .002) between total water intake and follow-up of recommendations, as well as for sex (P < .001). Mean HEI-2010 score was 65.21. There were no statistically significant differences (P = .301) in HEI index among better or worse hydration. Sport variables had influence on milliliters of water consumed (P < .001). Participants who engaged in more physical exercise exhibit a healthier pattern of fluid intake. Healthy individuals with the highest scores for HEI-2010 did not present the healthiest beverage patterns.