The optimum adjustment the CNC (Computer Numerical Control) processing parameters is extremely important, especially in finishing processes such as coating, painting, and varnishing where surface quality is required. This work aimed to determine the CNC processing parameters for the best wood surface quality by ANN (Artificial Neural Network). For this aim, the surface roughness values of intermediate values not used in experimental studies were also estimated and the effects of parameter variables for each wood species were revealed. Surface roughness measurements (Ra) were made according to the DIN 4768 to determine the surface quality of wood materials. The prediction model with the best performance was determined through statistical and graphical comparisons. It has been observed that ANN models achieve quite satisfactory results with acceptable deviations. As a result of ANN analysis, the optimum values of tool diameter, spindle speed and feed rate for spruce wood were determined as 2 mm, 10000 rpm and 5 m/min, respectively. These values for beech wood were determined as 4 mm, 12500 rpm, 5 m/min, respectively. The findings of this study can be effectively applied in the furniture industry to reduce time, energy, and cost for experimental research within the range of experimentation conducted.

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of birch wood, one of the most important wood species used in the plywood industry, especially in Europe, the Nordic countries, Poland, Belarus and Russia as an alternative to beech wood. For this purpose, comparison was made of their economic and technological properties. In five-ply plywood manufacturing, beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and birch (Betula pendula) veneer sheets were used with melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) and urea formaldehyde (UF) resins. Some mechanical properties such as shear strength, bending strength and modulus of elasticity of plywood panels were conducted according to EN 314-1 and EN 310, respectively. Mean mechanical strength obtained for birch plywood panels was quite above the limit values specified in the related standards. When taking into consideration the annual increment of beech and birch trees in 1 ha and the time they need to reach suitable diameters for the manufacturing of rotary cut veneers, it was calculated that birch trees provide 2.46 times more physical harvesting than beech trees.

The use of CNC machines for woodworking is becoming increasingly widespread due to advancing technology. In this study, while 3D processing is performed on wood materials using a CNC machine, the aim is to determine wood dust emissions (PM2.5, PM10) according to processing parameters and wood species. Yellow pine, spruce, chestnut, sapelli, and beech are wood species frequently preferred in furniture businesses. Utilizing a CNC machine equipped with 2 mm and 10 mm diameter cutting tools, the wooden material was machined at a spindle speed of 18,000 RPM, a plunge rate of 4000 mm/min, and a cutting speed of 8000 mm/min. For the study, a 3D-modeled motif with curved lines was selected and applied to wooden prisms measuring 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 mm (width, length, thickness). In conclusion, Yellow pine, with its high hardness and dense structure, generates significantly more dust than spruce during CNC machining. This result reveals that different wood species exhibit different levels of environmental impact during CNC processing. This underscores the urgent need for appropriate air filtration and emission control systems, particularly for woods that produce high emissions. Fine cutting edges effectively reduce PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, enhancing workplace air quality. By reducing exposure to wood dust, which is harmful to human health, this study plays a crucial role in addressing this pressing issue and allows for the implementation of suitable arrangements with minimal chip removal for CNC parameters.

Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde ahşap yapıların yoğun olduğu bilinmektedir. Artvin’de bulunan tarihi ve kültürel öneme sahip camiler; mimarisi, kullanılan malzemesi ve ahşap süsleme teknikleri açısından farklı bir çizgidedir. Dönemin sanatkarları tarafından büyük ustalıkla yapılan bu eserler Artvin’in belirli bölgelerinde yer almaktadır. Bu camiler; 2 cami Artvin merkezinde, 4 cami Borçka ilçesinde, 2 cami Arhavi ilçesinde ve 2 cami de Hopa ilçesinden olmak üzere, toplam 10 tarihi cami belirtilen merkezlerde yer almakta olup camiler süsleme programları açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte camilerdeki ahşap kısımlara işlenmiş yöreye özgü motiflerin anlamları açıklanmıştır. Yapılan incelemelerde minberde ve ahşap kapılarda uygulanan teknik ve süsleme motiflerinin benzer özellikler gösterdiği görülmüştür. Minberde, mihrapta ve taç kapılarında yöredeki ağaç türlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Ceviz, Kestane, Meşe ve Porsuk ağacı kullanılmıştır. Ancak bazı ahşap yapıların tamamı boyalarla örtüldüğünden tür seçiminde farklı görüşler ortaya çıkmıştır. İncelenen camilerdeki minber ve kapılar Orta Hopa Camii hariç, tümü orijinal minber ve kapılardır. Ayrıca bu cami minberlerinden sadece Artvin Çarşı Camii minberinde minber kapısı bulunmaktadır. Ahşap minber ve kapılarda; oyma tekniği, oluklu oyma tekniği, kafes oyma tekniği, tornalı süslemeler, ahşap çakma tekniği ve ahşap kumlama tekniği uygulanmıştır. Kapıların hepsi çift kanatlı olup Muratlı Camii ve Düzköy Camii kapıları kemerlidir.

Religion is one of the most important factors in architectural shaping. The concepts or sub-concepts that make up religion have a different language that each designer wants to explain. This language is presented semantically and syntactically through the architect and the user interprets this fiction mostly with its syntactic dimension. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into modern mosque design by establishing a connection between belief systems and architectural expressions. Moreover, the study contributes to heritage preservation efforts by proposing a framework that links historical values to contemporary practices. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the effects of the belief concepts in the Islamic religion by analyzing the semantic and syntactic dimensions in rural wooden mosque architecture. Starting from the assumption that abstract values have a language in shaping, the principle of semiotics was utilized to reach concrete results. How the concepts and principles are determined in the semantic and syntactic dimensions of semiotics are explained. In the examination of the semantic dimension, 5 concepts from the concepts of belief in the Islamic religion, namely wahdaniyet, survival, knowledge, powerand hereafter, were discussed. The syntactic dimension was analyzed under basic design principles. The semantic and syntactic dimensions of the sample wooden mosques were analyzed, interpretedand analyzed through architectural drawings, interiorand exterior visuals. These analyses provide practical strategies for translating abstract religious principles into tangible design elements, enhancing their applicability in both educational and professional contexts. As a result, the concepts that emerged in the analyzed examples and the indicators of the sub-concepts belonging to these concepts were presented. It is suggested that the determined analysis model can contribute to design education in design departments and provide convenience to designers and researchers. The model also serves as a tool for creating mosque designs that respect cultural identity while addressing contemporary needs. This research is important in terms of being a reference for the concrete expression of the concepts that we cannot see in architectural formations but we can feel that they exist.

Geleneksel Türk mimarisi motifleri, Türklerin Anadolu’ya gelmesinden sonra Anadolu Selçuklu dönemi, Beylikler dönemi ve Osmanlı döneminde (erken-klasik-son) birçok eserde görülmektedir. Bu motifler; taş, mermer, çini ve ahşap gibi malzemelerde uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada; Samsun Bafra’da konumlanmış kongre ve kültür merkezinin tüm ahşap kapılarına, geleneksel Türk mimarisi motifleri örnek alınarak özgün tasarım ve uygulamalar yapılmıştır. Erken Osmanlı döneminde yapılan Mehmet Paşa Cami minberinin bazı motifleri yine son Osmanlı dönemindeki Macahel Cami minberinin bazı motifleri ve islami birkaç motif kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada geleneksel Türk mimarisi motiflerinden bazılarını kullanarak, Alphacam programı ile çizimi ve modellemesiyle birlikte tarihi yapıdaki ahengi bozmadan ahşap kapılara uygulamalar yapılmıştır. Bunlar ana kemerli taç ahşap kapı, iç mekan ahşap kemerli kapılar ve tüm kapı kasalarıdır. Tüm konstrüksiyon ve süsleme işlemlerinde sarıçam ve sapelli masif ağaç malzemesi kullanılmıştır. Oyma tekniği, kabartma tekniği, oluklu oyma tekniğinin görünümüne sadık kalarak geleneksel Türk mimarisi motiflerinin yaşatılması ve farklı uygulama alanlarıyla diğer çalışmalarda uygulanabilirliği vurgulanmıştır. Geleneksel motiflerimizi uygulayarak “Geleneksel Türk Ahşap Kapıları” adı altında bir kavramın oluşturulması düşünülmektedir.