The global increase in the morbidity and mortality of non-communicable chronic diseases threaten human health significantly. Therefore, in the treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases, it is needed to develop disease-specific and personalised nutrition strategies following the principles of adequate and balanced nutrition. Potential effects of vegetables and their phytomolecules on diseases have been of interest. There are different types and amounts of phytomolecules in onion, which is commonly known as the queen of vegetables. Phytomolecules, such as different types of phenolic and sulphur compounds, in onion can prevent non-communicable chronic diseases due to their various potential effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-cardiovascular, and anti-cancer, and this has been among the research topics in the literature. These potential effects can occur through energy metabolism, adipogenesis, lipogenesis, diabetes-related enzymes, insulin signalling, glycogenesis, vasodilator, endothelial, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis pathways. In this review article, it is aimed to explain the potential effects of onion and its phytomolecules on non-communicable chronic diseases. Clinical determination of the effects of onion and its components will significantly assist to further researches about the medical nutrition therapy strategies of chronic diseases.

Background/Objectives: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease which lowers a patient’s quality of life. Our study aimed to assess the association between Mediterranean lifestyle and anthropometric measurements in patients with HT. Methods: This study was conducted with 120 female patients previously diagnosed with HT. The ‘Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener-(MEDAS)’ and ‘MEDiterranean LIFEstyle-(MEDLIFE)’ scales were used to assess diet quality and lifestyle. Also, some anthropometric measurements were collected. Spearman’s Correlation Test was used to determine correlations between two quantitative variables. Results: The average age of the participants was 37.49 ± 7.47 years. The average diet quality scores were 7.80 ± 1.93 for MEDAS and the total life quality score was 16.41 ± 3.74 for MEDLIFE. Significant negative correlations were observed between the MEDLIFE total score and hip and waist circumferences, body weight, and body fat (%) (p < 0.05), as well as with the score of physical activity, rest, social habits, and conviviality (p < 0.05). Furthermore, an increase the Mediterranean dietary habits score was associated with a decrease in these measurements (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The MEDLIFE score, beyond only the Mediterranean dietary habits sub-score, was found to be associated with lower anthropometric measurements in patients with HT, who are at higher risk of pre-obesity and obesity.

Objective: To examine the relationship between physical activity level and healthy lifestyle behaviours of white-collar workers. Materials and Methods: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to determine the level of physical activity, and the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale-II (HLBS-II) was used to evaluate the lifestyle behaviours. The researchers recorded anthropometric measurements of the participants via face-to-face method and questionnaires were implemented via online forms. Statistical analysis of the study was performed with the IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.0 program. Descriptive analysis was done, and all the data were presented as means and (±) standard deviation (SD). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: In total, 229 (mean age: 35.75, 158 female) white-collar workers participated in the study. 90.4% of the participants had either undergraduate or postgraduate degrees. 55.5% of the participants were found to be inactive as stated by the IPAQ-SF scores. According to HLBS-II results, active participants had significantly higher exercise, nutrition, and stress management sub-scale scores (p0.05). Overall, active participants with normal BMI had significantly higher HLBS-II scores than overweight and obese participants (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our study shows a positive relationship between physical activity levels and healthy lifestyle behaviours in office work. In order to increase the quality of life of white-collar workers, changing their behaviours such as physical inactivity and unhealthy diet through education intervention on healthy lifestyle holds a vital place.

The conducted study aimed to determine the nutritional status and activity level of white-collar workers. 211 volunteers' demographic information, anthropometric measurements, and 3-day food recording were determined. The scales “Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I)”, “Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015)”, and “Dietary Approaches to Prevent Hypertension (DASH)” were used to determine the quality of the diets. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ) was used to calculate the activity level of the participants. The average age of participants were 35.70 ± 9.36, while 70.6% were women. The average diet quality scores for DQI-I, HEI-2015, and DASH were 47.8 ± 9.79, 56.40±14.04, and, 2.70 ±1.29 respectively. The IPAQ average score was calculated as 851.44±1065.01 MET. The IPAQ results showed that only 13.3% of participants had sufficient activity levels. The physical activity level of the men was found to be significantly higher than that of the women (p<0.05). The activity levels of participants with good healthy eating index scores were also found to be statistically higher (p<0.001). In addition, participants with high DQI-I scores had significantly higher healthy eating habits with HEI-2015(p<0.001). The current study showed that white-collar workers had insufficient physical activity levels, however, sufficient levels of physical activity were correlated with better diet quality.

Background and Purpose: The Mediterranean diet-MeD provides beneficial nutrients that improve athletes’ health. Posture is important for the performance of equine athletes-EA. This study aimed to determine adherence to the MeD, anthropometric measurements, and postures of EA. Methods: There were two study groups, EA(n:121) and non-athletes(n:121). The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index, the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, the Food Frequency Questionnaire, the New York Posture Analyses-NYPA, an electronic scale, and a non-stretch tape were used. Results: EA’s MeD-characterized food consumption (vegetables, fruits, fish) frequencies were more compatible with recommendations(p