Objective: This study aims to investigate the possible effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on fetal heart structure and the relationship of this effect with maternal blood sugar control. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 19 women with GDM at 24–36 weeks of gestation (case group) and 21 healthy pregnant women at the same weeks of gestation (control group) were examined. Fetal heart structure was evaluated by ultrasonography; interventricular septum (IVS) thickness, right and left ventricular sphericity indices, global sphericity index (GSI) and cardio-thoracic ratio were also measured. In addition, mothers’ HbA1c values (an indicator of blood sugar control) were recorded. Result: An increase in IVS thickness was observed in the fetuses of mothers with GDM. A more rounded trend was observed in the right ventricular structure, but this did not create a significant difference. No significant relationship was found between maternal blood sugar control and fetal heart structure. Conclusions: This study examined the effects of gestational diabetes on fetal cardiac morphology and the relationship of this effect with maternal glycemic control. Babies of mothers with GDM had a significantly thicker interventricular septum. A more rounded trend was detected in the right ventricular structure. However, this change was not found to be statistically significant. In addition, no significant correlation was found between maternal glycemic control and fetal cardiac morphology.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes in adolescent pregnan-cies. Materials and Methods: Adolescents aged 10 to 19 years and their newborns, who delivered at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Mardin Education and Research Hospital between 2022 and 2024, were included in the study. Data were retrospectively analyzed from patient files and the hospital database. Outcomes were grouped as maternal and neonatal complications. Results: Neonatal and maternal complication rates were significantly higher in the adolescent group compared to the adult group. Adolescents experienced increased rates of anemia, eclampsia, and preeclampsia. Neonatal complications, including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and tran-sient tachypnea of the newborn, were also more common in the adolescent group. The 1st and 5th minute Apgar scores of infants born to adolescents were significantly lower. Conclusions: This study confirms that adolescent pregnancies are associated with a higher risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Anemia and hypertensive disorders are more commonly observed during pregnancy, especially in adolescents. Their newborns are more likely to have low Apgar scores, intrauterine growth restriction, and transient tachypnea of the newborn. These find-ings underscore the importance of prioritizing public health interventions aimed at reducing ado-lescent pregnancy rates and providing comprehensive support to young mothers and their infants.

Obesity is a significant public health problem with increasing prevalence worldwide, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common comorbidity in obese women. PCOS is characterized by hormonal imbalances, menstrual irregularities, infertility, and metabolic disorders. Weight management is critical in obese women with PCOS to improve both reproductive health and achieve metabolic and hormonal balance. To this end, surgical treatments have come to the forefront, and procedures such as laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and endoscopic intragastric balloon (EIB) placement are being used increasingly. This is a retrospective study conducted at [Blinded for review] between January 2022 and October 2024. It compares the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and endoscopic intragastric balloon placement in female patients aged 18-40 who were diagnosed with PCOS and obesity. In the study, anthropometric measurements, hormonal parameters, and menstrual cycles were evaluated before treatment and 6 months after treatment and analyzed between the two groups. There was no difference in age between patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and endoscopic intragastric balloon placement (p = 0.424). The preoperative BMI and the difference between preoperative and postoperative BMI were higher in the LSG group (p < 0.001), but the postoperative BMI values were similar between the two groups (p = 0.583). The waist/hip ratio was higher in the LSG group (p < 0.001, p = 0.010, p < 0.001). While both surgeries showed a reduction in free androgen index and AMH, this reduction was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), both surgeries increased SHBG (p > 0.05). The decrease in AMH was greater in the LSG group (p = 0.020). Total testosterone decreased in the sleeve gastrectomy group (p < 0.001) and the menstrual cycle improved (p = 0.035). In summary, both laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and endoscopic intragastric balloon placement led to positive changes in hormone profiles and menstrual cycle characteristics. However, LSG was found to be more effective on these parameters.

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy where the embryo implants in the scar from a previous cesarean section. CSP is a high-risk condition that can cause serious complications, such as uterine rupture and life-threatening bleeding. This study investigated the accuracy and reliability of elastosonography in diagnosing CSP. A prospective cohort study was conducted at Mardin Training and Research Hospital (Turkey) between October 2023 and January 2024. The study included 61 patients with CSP and a separate control group of 61 patients, all between 6 and 12 weeks of gestation. Both groups were evaluated using elastosonography. Elastosonography parameters, including strain ratio, myometrial shear wave velocity, and scar hardness, were significant in diagnosing CSP. Age, BMI, parity, and number of previous cesarean sections did not significantly correlate with elastosonography findings. Beta-hCG and fetal heart rate were not significant diagnostic factor Elastosonography shows promise as a diagnostic tool for CSP. Further research is needed to confirm its clinical utility.

Introduction: Hysterectomy, a frequently used surgical procedure in gynecology, entails the removal of a part or all of the uterus and is employed in treating various benign and malignant diseases. This study aims to evaluate the histopathological analyses of patients underwent hysterectomy in a tertiary hospital. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the histopathological analysis results of hysterectomy materials and compare them with clinical diagnoses. Methods: The clinical and histopathological data of 107 patients who underwent hysterectomy in a tertiary hospital between January and March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients' age, hysterectomy type, indication, histopathological diagnosis, and other clinical parameters were recorded. Results: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) was the most preferred type of hysterectomy (n=62, %57.94) and patients’ age average was 49.83. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and myoma uteri was the most prevalent reasons of hysterectomy (n=47, %47.66). While Leiomyoma was the most frequent diagnosis in myometrial lesions (n=52, %47.27), endometrial polyp stood out as the most frequent finding among endometrial lesions. (n=34, %31.77). Conclusion: This study revealed that the histopathological analysis results of hysterectomy materials were largely consistent with clinical diagnoses. AUB and myoma uteri were among the leading indications for hysterectomy. Endometrial polyp stood out as the most common diagnosis among endometrial lesions, whereas leiomyoma emerged as the predominant diagnosis among myometrial lesions.

Adenomyozis, endometrial dokunun miyometriuma invaze olmasıyla karakterize, ağrılı adetler, anormal kanama ve infertilite gibi sorunlara yol açabilen yaygın ve kronik bir jinekolojik hastalıktır. Etiyolojisi tam olarak anlaşılamamış olsa da, mevcut literatür çeşitli potansiyel mekanizmaları ortaya koymaktadır.Endometriumun doğrudan invazyonu, travma sonrası mikrotravmalar, de novo metaplazi, dış endometrial implantların invazyonu, hormonal dengesizlikler, genetik ve epigenetik yatkınlıklar, hipofiz hormonlarındaki düzensizlikler, kimyasal maruziyet ve immün sistem disfonksiyonu gibi faktörlerin adenomyozis gelişiminde rol oynayabileceği düşünülmektedir.Bu karmaşık etiyolojik faktörlerin daha iyi anlaşılması, adenomyozisli hastaların tanı ve tedavisinde daha hedefli ve etkili yaklaşımlar geliştirmemize olanak sağlayacaktır. Adenomyosis, characterized by the invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium, is a common and chronic gynecological condition that can lead to painful periods, abnormal bleeding, and infertility. Although its etiology remains incompletely understood, current literature suggests several potential mechanisms.Factors such as direct invasion of the endometrium, microtrauma following trauma, de novo metaplasia, invasion of external endometrial implants, hormonal imbalances, genetic and epigenetic predispositions, pituitary hormone dysregulation, chemical exposure, and immune system dysfunction are thought to play a role in the development of adenomyosis.A better understanding of these complex etiological factors will enable us to develop more targeted and effective approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with adenomyosis.