This study takes part of the project Women and entrepreneurship from a competence perspective and aims to investigate the role of skills and abilities in explaining the women entrepreneurship. In this sense, it works on the idea that women entrepreneurs have specific competences, understood as the sum of skills and abilities, that characterize and determine the type of female entrepreneurship (typology, sector, size, innovation, creativity). Methodologically, it worked from a qualitative approach, supported by conducting semi-structured interviews of men and women from different socio-economic and business profiles. From an inductive and interpretive discursive analysis, it can be concluded that businessmen and businesswomen agree to grant several skills and abilities to women entrepreneurs, although there are significant differences between the perceptions of women and men, subsisting some gender stereotypes in defining the profile of women entrepreneurs.

In recent years, courier and home delivery services have experienced extensive growth around the world. These platform companies, that operate through applications on smartphones, have experienced the benefits of the technological leap that has been produced by the conditions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions on traditional commerce. This business model integrates novel elements that move away from a classic contractual relationship, employer-employee. They combine a strong cooperative culture, integrated by company values and principles that make the rider assume an identity that defines him/her as a worker and a member of a community. In addition, on the other hand, precarious working conditions, in which extreme competitiveness among colleagues and dependence on high standards of service compliance are encouraged. In Spain, there is a lack of research on the identity of workers in this type of platform. By means of in-depth interviews with drivers of two different companies in the Region of Murcia (Spain), the main objective of this article is to identify and describe the figure of what we define as homo rider, understood as a prototype individual in the context of contemporary labor relations, linked to the incorporation of new technologies for the intermediation and interconnection between people, goods and services. We approach to the socioeconomic spectrum and identity imaginary of the homo rider through two dimensions, material and ideological, to construct this broad, ambiguous figure between self-employment and wage-earner that would also represent a complex relation between precarious work and new technologies.

Social exclusion is defined as a phenomenon whose effects place an individual or group in different social positions. Similarly, the development of information and communication technologies in this third decade of the 21st century, with the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, has led to the establishment of structural differences between those who have access to and knowledge of the use of devices and applications. In this paper, we critically review the concept of digital divide, in many ways more limited and static than the term digital exclusion. The latter is analogous to the phenomenon of social exclusion, and a more versatile concept adapted to the processes of social fragmentation caused by digitalization. Using the Survey on equipment and use of information and communication technologies in households conducted by the National Institute of Statistics, a statistical analysis is carried out with the aim of validating that, like social exclusion, digital exclusion is a structural, dynamic, multifactorial and heterogeneous phenomenon, as well as a subjective one. At the same time, it is a phenomenon that would reach all population groups, including the so-called digital natives. La exclusión social se define como un fenómeno cuyos efectos determinan que un individuo o grupo se sitúen en diferentes posiciones sociales. De manera análoga, el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en esta tercera década del siglo XXI, con la emergencia de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial, provoca que con el avance de la digitalización se establezcan diferencias estructurales entre quienes tienen acceso y conocimientos en el uso de dispositivos y aplicaciones. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión crítica al concepto de brecha digital, en muchos aspectos más limitado y estático que el término exclusión digital. Este último, análogo al fenómeno de exclusión social, y concepto más versátil y adaptado a los procesos de fragmentación social provocados por la digitalización. Mediante el uso de la Encuesta sobre equipamiento y uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación en los hogares elaborada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística se realiza un análisis estadístico con el objetivo de validar que, al igual que la exclusión social, la exclusión digital es un fenómeno estructural, dinámico, multifactorial y heterogéneo, además de subjetivo. Simultáneamente, se trata de un fenómeno que alcanzaría a todo grupo poblacional, incluso a los denominados nativos digitales.

La pandemia provocada por la COVID-19 ha contribuido a acelerar el giro digital, lo que tiene como resultado la transformación de distintos ámbitos de la cotidianidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar nuevas prácticas digitales y su impacto social en este contexto de progresiva digitalización. A partir de una metodología basada en la revisión bibliográfica y de fuentes de datos secundarias, se visibilizan algunas de las consecuencias de estos hábitos digitales, tales como la autoexplotación por la dificultad de disociación entre tiempos de ocio y teletrabajo, la videodisformia y el agotamiento por las permanentes videoconferencias, el exceso de desinformación o la falta de privacidad y seguridad digitales. Para prevenir estos efectos indeseados de una sociedad hiperconectada, hiperactiva y desigual, se propone la adopción de medidas de precaución e higiene digital que minimicen los riesgos y los tornen en oportunidades, siendo clave para ello la mejora de las competencias digitales.

This research aims to identify the aspects that support the family dimension as a determinant of the entrepreneurship of disabled people. The hypothesis determines that the family institution maintains an ambivalent relationship with the entrepreneurship of disabled people. Through a qualitative methodology, it has been concluded that family attitude is the most crucial aspect of the family dimension. Depending on the family model (overprotective, protective, tutored autonomy and emancipatory) the attitude can impede or foster entrepreneurship. On the other hand, the economic or emotional support that maintains a causal relationship with the family attitude and the entrepreneurship of disabled people. Thus, the existence of economic, educational and emotional support fosters a family attitude that enhances entrepreneurship. Some measures to suggest for the development of a family attitude that fosters the entrepreneurship are the next: support of administration, development of specific education and execution of sensitivity campaigns.

El proceso de digitalización de los servicios públicos ha cambiado la relación que mantiene la ciudadanía con las administraciones públicas. Las personas mayores, afectadas por la brecha digital y el edadismo, carecen de competencias en el uso y manejo de las nuevas tecnologías, lo que provoca que se encuentren en una situación de vulnerabilidad y exclusión digital (y social). Este trabajo estudia las razones de la exclusión digital de las personas mayores, planteando soluciones tecnológicas y organizativas. Para ello, se ha empleado un modelo metodológico mixto (cuantitativo-cualitativo) basado en la técnica Delphi, análisis documental y análisis estadístico descriptivo. Los resultados apuntan a una serie de actuaciones dirigidas a solucionar los problemas generados por el mal uso de estas tecnologías en su aplicación a los servicios públicos digitalizados, incorporando una mejor adaptación a la realidad de las personas mayores.