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The High Agri Valley (southern Italy) is one of the largest intermontane basin of the southern Apennines affected by intensive agricultural and industrial activities. The study of groundwater chemical features provides much important information useful in water resource management. In this study, hydrogeochemical investigations coupled with multivariate statistics, saturation indices, and stable isotope composition (δD and δ18O) were conducted in the High Agri Valley to determine the chemical composition of groundwater and to define the geogenic and anthropogenic influences on groundwater quality. Twenty-four sampling point ( including well and spring waters) have been examined. The isotopic data revealed that groundwater has a meteoric origin. Well waters, located on recent alluvial-lacustrine deposits in shallow porous aquifers at the valley floor, are influenced by seasonal rainfall events and show shallow circuits; conversely, spring waters from fissured and/or karstified aquifers are probably associated to deeper and longer hydrogeological circuits. The R -mode factor analysis shows that three factors explain 94% of the total variance, and F1 represents the combined effect of dolomite and silicate dissolution to explain most water chemistry. In addition, very low contents of trace elements were detected, and their distribution was principally related to natural input. Only two well waters, used for irrigation use, show critical issue for NO3- concentrations, whose values are linked to agricultural activities. Groundwater quality strongly affects the management of water resources, as well as their suitability for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. Overall, our results were considered fulfilling the requirements for the inorganic component of the Water Framework Directive and Italian legislation for drinking purposes. The water quality for irrigation is from “good to permissible” to “excellent to good” although salinity and relatively high content of Mg2+ can occasionally be critical.
M. Paternoster; R. Buccione; F. Canora; D. Buttitta; S. Panebianco; G. Rizzo; R. Sinisi; V. Summa; G. Mongelli. Hydrogeochemistry and Groundwater Quality Assessment in the High Agri Valley (Southern Italy). Geofluids 2021, 2021, 1 -15.
AMA StyleM. Paternoster, R. Buccione, F. Canora, D. Buttitta, S. Panebianco, G. Rizzo, R. Sinisi, V. Summa, G. Mongelli. Hydrogeochemistry and Groundwater Quality Assessment in the High Agri Valley (Southern Italy). Geofluids. 2021; 2021 ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Paternoster; R. Buccione; F. Canora; D. Buttitta; S. Panebianco; G. Rizzo; R. Sinisi; V. Summa; G. Mongelli. 2021. "Hydrogeochemistry and Groundwater Quality Assessment in the High Agri Valley (Southern Italy)." Geofluids 2021, no. : 1-15.
The Metaponto coastal plain extends about 40 km along the Ionian coast, between the Sinni and Bradano Rivers (southern Italy). During the 20th century, the increases in modern irrigation systems, land reclamation works, the overexploitation of wells, and agricultural and industrial activities have deeply modified land use and groundwater availability and quality along the plain. These modifications negatively impacted the natural systems in terms of groundwater and soil salinization, magnifying the risks due to seawater intrusion. In this study, we explored the proneness to seawater intrusion, testing a multidisciplinary approach based on hydrochemical and geophysical investigations. A significant portion of the coastal plain was selected for this purpose. A set of 49 groundwater samples was analyzed to define the chemical characteristics of the water and geoelectrical measurements were recorded along three long profiles. The geoelectrical surveys showed in detail the aquifer bottom pattern where it is deeply incised by paleovalleys, defining the main hydrostratigraphic features, as it is necessary to prevent seawater intrusion worsening. The hydrochemical data highlighted areas with higher seawater intrusion proneness. The acquired measurements show the high proneness to seawater intrusion, especially where the aquifer bottom is very deep below the sea level, also far from the coast, and the relevance of the detailed knowledge of the aquifer bottom in supporting any kind of management.
Rosalba Muzzillo; Livia Emanuela Zuffianò; Enzo Rizzo; Filomena Canora; Luigi Capozzoli; Valeria Giampaolo; Giorgio de Giorgio; Francesco Sdao; Maurizio Polemio. Seawater Intrusion Proneness and Geophysical Investigations in the Metaponto Coastal Plain (Basilicata, Italy). Water 2020, 13, 53 .
AMA StyleRosalba Muzzillo, Livia Emanuela Zuffianò, Enzo Rizzo, Filomena Canora, Luigi Capozzoli, Valeria Giampaolo, Giorgio de Giorgio, Francesco Sdao, Maurizio Polemio. Seawater Intrusion Proneness and Geophysical Investigations in the Metaponto Coastal Plain (Basilicata, Italy). Water. 2020; 13 (1):53.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosalba Muzzillo; Livia Emanuela Zuffianò; Enzo Rizzo; Filomena Canora; Luigi Capozzoli; Valeria Giampaolo; Giorgio de Giorgio; Francesco Sdao; Maurizio Polemio. 2020. "Seawater Intrusion Proneness and Geophysical Investigations in the Metaponto Coastal Plain (Basilicata, Italy)." Water 13, no. 1: 53.
In this study, the hydrogeological characterization of the northern sector of the Lauria Mounts carbonate hydrostructure (southern Apennines, Basilicata region) has been carried out and the hydrochemical properties of different collected groundwater samples have been characterized. Several normal springs drain the hydrostructure, some of them characterized by high annual mean discharges. Groundwater samples were collected from different springs; many parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids have been measured, and major (cations and anions) elements and stable isotopes have been analysed following standard test procedures. Other chemical characteristics were derived from the analysed quality parameters. The results elucidate that the main hydrogeochemical processes control the chemical content and assess the quality of the groundwater within the hydrostructure. The analyses highlight that the chemical compositions of groundwater are strongly influenced by the lithology, especially limestones and dolomitic limestones; they explain and confirm the hydrogeological setting of the system. The groundwater system displays light different geochemical signatures. The processes contributing to the concentrations of major ions depend primarily on carbonate dissolution. The analysis, in all studied groundwater samples, shows that the facies groundwater type is Ca–HCO3, bicarbonate is the dominant anion, and calcium is the dominant cation with appreciable magnesium concentrations. To identify the aquifer’s recharge areas, the environmental stable isotopes oxygen and hydrogen, deuterium, and 18O were analysed. The unaltered δ18O and δD signatures for the groundwater of the major springs allows identifying the recharge area of these emergencies at elevations ranging from 900 m to 1000 m (a.s.l.), pointing out the presence of deeper flow regime feeding of these springs. The groundwater sample isotopic characteristics of D and 18O suggest that most of the groundwater is recharged directly by infiltration in a high-permeability medium.
Filomena Canora; Giovanna Rizzo; Simona Panariello; Francesco Sdao. Hydrogeology and Hydrogeochemistry of the Lauria Mountains Northern Sector Groundwater Resources (Basilicata, Italy). Geofluids 2019, 2019, 1 -16.
AMA StyleFilomena Canora, Giovanna Rizzo, Simona Panariello, Francesco Sdao. Hydrogeology and Hydrogeochemistry of the Lauria Mountains Northern Sector Groundwater Resources (Basilicata, Italy). Geofluids. 2019; 2019 ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFilomena Canora; Giovanna Rizzo; Simona Panariello; Francesco Sdao. 2019. "Hydrogeology and Hydrogeochemistry of the Lauria Mountains Northern Sector Groundwater Resources (Basilicata, Italy)." Geofluids 2019, no. : 1-16.
The metadolerite dykes from the Frido ophiolitic sequence reflect strain partitioning with textures evolving from magmatic intersertal/intergranular, blast-ophitic and incomplete metamorphic recrystallization. Amphibole and plagioclase are the main minerals in these rocks. Amphibole composition reflects both bulk compositional and P–T changes. Different Ti, IVAl values between the brown and green amphiboles clearly indicate genetic conditions of amphiboles developed in ocean-floor hydrothermal metamorphic conditions. The electron microprobe analysis showed that the assemblage developed during ocean-floor hydrothermal type metamorphism (M1) consists of two main amphibole varieties: a brown one, and green; instead during orogenic metamorphism (M2) developed a blue amphibole. The magmatic plagioclase is anorthite (PL1) and the metamorphic plagioclase are oligoclase (PL2), albite (PL3). The estimated P–T conditions are in favour of their metamorphism under ocean-floor hydrothermal type. The variety of amphibole compositions and the plagioclase found in the metadolerite dykes offers useful constraints to reconstruction of the correlated environmental conditions providing new insights on the oceanic metamorphic evolution of this orogenic sector of southern Apennines.
Giovanna Rizzo; Filomena Canora; Maria Carmela Dichicco; Salvatore Laurita; Maria Teresa Cristi Sansone. P-T estimates from amphibole and plagioclase pairs in metadolerite dykes of the Frido unit (southern Apennines-Italy) during the ocean-floor metamorphism. 2019, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleGiovanna Rizzo, Filomena Canora, Maria Carmela Dichicco, Salvatore Laurita, Maria Teresa Cristi Sansone. P-T estimates from amphibole and plagioclase pairs in metadolerite dykes of the Frido unit (southern Apennines-Italy) during the ocean-floor metamorphism. . 2019; 11 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanna Rizzo; Filomena Canora; Maria Carmela Dichicco; Salvatore Laurita; Maria Teresa Cristi Sansone. 2019. "P-T estimates from amphibole and plagioclase pairs in metadolerite dykes of the Frido unit (southern Apennines-Italy) during the ocean-floor metamorphism." 11, no. : 1.
The carbonate aquifer system of the northern sector of the Lauria Mounts, located in the southern-western part of the Basilicata region (southern Italy), represents a strategic hydrostructure of the Lucanian Apennines for its groundwater resources. Several springs exploited and not, characterized by important groundwater discharges, drain the aquifer system. In recent decades the demand of freshwater is rising in relation to the population needs, land use change and climate variations, rendering water availability in the future uncertain. For these reasons, intensive actions are being done to ensure the effective protection and quantification of the available groundwater resources. In this perspective, the assessment of the aquifer recharge is the starting point for the correct definition of the available groundwater resources, aimed at the delineation of the proper protection and adequate management of these resources. In this study the application of the inverse hydrogeological water balance method to assess the potential aquifer recharge distributed in the hydrogeological basin, has been carried out based on a GIS procedure. The hydrogeological characterization and the groundwater recharge assessment of the carbonate hydrostructure result to be essential to define integrated actions and strategies for groundwater effective protection and sustainable management.
Filomena Canora; Maria Assunta Musto; Francesco Sdao. Groundwater Recharge Assessment in the Carbonate Aquifer System of the Lauria Mounts (Southern Italy) by GIS-Based Distributed Hydrogeological Balance Method. Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2018, 166 -181.
AMA StyleFilomena Canora, Maria Assunta Musto, Francesco Sdao. Groundwater Recharge Assessment in the Carbonate Aquifer System of the Lauria Mounts (Southern Italy) by GIS-Based Distributed Hydrogeological Balance Method. Privacy Enhancing Technologies. 2018; ():166-181.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFilomena Canora; Maria Assunta Musto; Francesco Sdao. 2018. "Groundwater Recharge Assessment in the Carbonate Aquifer System of the Lauria Mounts (Southern Italy) by GIS-Based Distributed Hydrogeological Balance Method." Privacy Enhancing Technologies , no. : 166-181.
Studies dating almost a century relate clay properties with the structure of the diffuse double layer (DDL), where the charged surfaces of clay crystal behave like an electric capacitor, whose dielectric is the interstitial fluid. The intensity of the inner electric field relates to the concentration and type of ions in the DDL. Other important implications of the model are less stressed: this part of the clay soil system, energetically speaking, is conservative. External contribution of energy, work of overburden or sun driven capillarity and long exposure to border low salinity waters can modify the concentration of pore-waters, thus affecting the DDL geometry, with electric field and energy storage variations. The study of clay soils coming from various natural geomorphological and hydrogeological contexts, determining a different salinity of interacting groundwater, shows how the clay interaction with freely circulating waters at the boundaries produces alterations in the native pore water salinity, and, at the nano-scale, variations of electric field and stored energy from external work. The swelling and the shrinkage of clay soil with their volumetric and geotechnical implications should be regarded as variations of the electrostatic and mechanical energy of the system. The study is based on tests on natural clay soil samples coming from a formation of stiff blue clays, widespread in southern Italy. Geotechnical identification and oedometer tests have been performed, and pore waters squeezed out from the specimens have been analyzed. Tested samples have similar grain size, clay fraction and plasticity; sorted according to the classified geomorphological/hydrogeological contexts, they highlight good correlations among dry density, mechanical work performed in selected stages of the oedometric test, swelling and non-swelling behaviour, and electrical conductivity of the squeezed pore waters. The work performed for swelling and non-swelling samples shows well-defined differences; this endorse the relevance of pore-water salinity in determining the volumetric state of clay soils under overburden and specific hydrogeological border conditions, which together define a specific energetic state.
Maria Dolores Fidelibus; Ilenia Argentiero; Filomena Canora; Roberta Pellicani; Giuseppe Spilotro; Gaetano Vacca. Squeezed Interstitial Water and Soil Properties in Pleistocene Blue Clays under Different Natural Environments. Geosciences 2018, 8, 89 .
AMA StyleMaria Dolores Fidelibus, Ilenia Argentiero, Filomena Canora, Roberta Pellicani, Giuseppe Spilotro, Gaetano Vacca. Squeezed Interstitial Water and Soil Properties in Pleistocene Blue Clays under Different Natural Environments. Geosciences. 2018; 8 (3):89.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Dolores Fidelibus; Ilenia Argentiero; Filomena Canora; Roberta Pellicani; Giuseppe Spilotro; Gaetano Vacca. 2018. "Squeezed Interstitial Water and Soil Properties in Pleistocene Blue Clays under Different Natural Environments." Geosciences 8, no. 3: 89.
Soil erosion represents one of the most serious land degradation problems, and Mediterranean areas are particularly prone to this phenomenon. In the light of climate change and human-induced variations on the environment, the threat from soil erosion requires considerable attention. Over the last decades, estimation of soil erosion using empirical models has long been an active research topic. Nevertheless, their application over large areas is still a challenge due to data availability and quality. Successful monitoring can be realised with the integration of ancillary data and remote sensing products within a GIS environment.\ud The main purpose of this research was to quantify the amount of soil erosion rate and to identify the spatial patterns of erosion and deposition in the large heterogeneous semi-agricultural Bradano River basin (southern Italy). This study presents the results of application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation for Complex Terrain (RUSLE3D) and the Unit Stream Power-based Erosion Deposition (USPED) models. In order to appreciate the rate of soil loss and the spatial patterns of soil erosion and deposition, the two models were applied and compared through ancillary data and multi-temporal satellite imagery by GIS application.\ud \ud The analysis shows that the mean annual soil erosion rate ranges between 31 and 34 Mg ha− 1 year− 1. According to both models the 37% of the Bradano basin ranges between moderate to extreme soil erosion risk. The total amount of gross soil loss ranges between ~ 1.78 ∗ 106 Mg year− 1, as computed with the RUSLE3D, and ~ 2.10 ∗ 106 Mg year− 1, as computed with the USPED.\ud The analysis and quantification of this phenomenon contribute to an understanding of applicability of those empirical models over large areas
Antonello Aiello; Maria Adamo; Filomena Canora. Remote sensing and GIS to assess soil erosion with RUSLE3D and USPED at river basin scale in southern Italy. CATENA 2015, 131, 174 -185.
AMA StyleAntonello Aiello, Maria Adamo, Filomena Canora. Remote sensing and GIS to assess soil erosion with RUSLE3D and USPED at river basin scale in southern Italy. CATENA. 2015; 131 ():174-185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonello Aiello; Maria Adamo; Filomena Canora. 2015. "Remote sensing and GIS to assess soil erosion with RUSLE3D and USPED at river basin scale in southern Italy." CATENA 131, no. : 174-185.
Filomena Canora; AnnaChiara D'Angella; Antonello Aiello. Quantitative assessment of the sensitivity to desertification in the Bradano River basin (Basilicata, southern Italy). Journal of Maps 2014, 11, 745 -759.
AMA StyleFilomena Canora, AnnaChiara D'Angella, Antonello Aiello. Quantitative assessment of the sensitivity to desertification in the Bradano River basin (Basilicata, southern Italy). Journal of Maps. 2014; 11 (5):745-759.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFilomena Canora; AnnaChiara D'Angella; Antonello Aiello. 2014. "Quantitative assessment of the sensitivity to desertification in the Bradano River basin (Basilicata, southern Italy)." Journal of Maps 11, no. 5: 745-759.
The Brindisi di Montagna Scalo landslide is located in Basilicata region (Italy), about 18 km south-east of Potenza. It consists on an active earth-flow with a longitudinal extension of about 700 m. The accumulation zone extends till the Basento’s riverbed (on the left side), which is partially obstructed. This area is periodically fed with debris or mud moving along the flow channel, due to both the reactivations of the earthflow along the landslide channel caused by wintry rainfalls and the retrogression of the crown towards upstream and deconstruction of collapsed soil in different parts of the landslide body. The risk induced by this earth flow derives from the presence, on the right bank of Basento river, of a railway line and, a little further away, of the state road 407 “Basentana”. The aim of this work is the analysis of the possible design solutions in order to mitigate the risk. The assessment of risk mitigation measures for the Brindisi di Montagna Scalo landslide was differentiated for the three main geomorphological zones of the landslide: alimentation area, landslide channel and accumulation zone.
Giuseppe Spilotro; Filomena Canora; Roberta Pellicani; Francesco Vitelli. Risk and Mitigation of the Large Landslide of Brindisi di Montagna. Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 6 2014, 757 -760.
AMA StyleGiuseppe Spilotro, Filomena Canora, Roberta Pellicani, Francesco Vitelli. Risk and Mitigation of the Large Landslide of Brindisi di Montagna. Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 6. 2014; ():757-760.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuseppe Spilotro; Filomena Canora; Roberta Pellicani; Francesco Vitelli. 2014. "Risk and Mitigation of the Large Landslide of Brindisi di Montagna." Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 6 , no. : 757-760.
Sinkhole susceptibility assessment was carried out in “Lesina Marina” evaporite karst area, located in the north-eastern part of the Apulia region (southern Italy), near the Adriatic coast. Land instability due to the widespread presence of sinkholes especially in a built-up area, constitutes a complex dynamic system, structured by a sets of interacting components, controlled by several natural and anthropogenic factors, forming an integrated whole, in which physical dynamic processes evolve. Heuristic method, multivariate statistical analysis and ANN procedure were performed in order to assess sinkhole susceptibility. In the study area, sinkhole phenomenon is strictly related to the structure and stratigraphy of the evaporite rocks, the groundwater regime conditioned by tide-induced surface water and groundwater interactions, and by the presence of the complex sea-channel-lagoon system. The analysis performed by different procedures explains the relationship between datasets and models capability to predict the behaviour of the phenomenon. The performances of prediction models have been evaluated using ROC curves. The results show that the multivariate statistical model produces a more reliable accuracy.
AnnaChiara D’Angella; Filomena Canora; Giuseppe Spilotro. Sinkholes Susceptibility Assessment in Urban Environment Using Heuristic, Statistical and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models in Evaporite Karst System: A Case Study from Lesina Marina (Southern Italy). Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 5 2014, 411 -414.
AMA StyleAnnaChiara D’Angella, Filomena Canora, Giuseppe Spilotro. Sinkholes Susceptibility Assessment in Urban Environment Using Heuristic, Statistical and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models in Evaporite Karst System: A Case Study from Lesina Marina (Southern Italy). Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 5. 2014; ():411-414.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnaChiara D’Angella; Filomena Canora; Giuseppe Spilotro. 2014. "Sinkholes Susceptibility Assessment in Urban Environment Using Heuristic, Statistical and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models in Evaporite Karst System: A Case Study from Lesina Marina (Southern Italy)." Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 5 , no. : 411-414.
The aim of this study is the analysis of the dynamic behavior of the rocky cliff located below the old urban center of Polignano (Apulia, Southern Italy). In order to characterize the behavior of the cliff under the impulse generated by sea waves, two types of measures were carried out on the rocky mass: (1) environmental vibrations and (2) accelerometer records. The first type of measures, has provided a recognition of the intrinsic and anisotropic dynamic behavior of the coastal cliff. The accelerometer records, carried out during heavy storms in December 2009 and January 2010, have allowed to confirm the results of previous measures and to evaluate the energy transfer from waves to cliff, in terms of maximum values and temporal distribution. In order to facilitate a correct interpretation of the measures, also a geomechanical characterization of the rocky mass has been carried out.
Giuseppe Spilotro; Roberta Pellicani; Daniela Miccoli; Filomena Canora. Analysis of Interaction Between Waves and Cliff Along the Adriatic Coast of Polignano (Apulia, Italy). Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 5 2014, 421 -425.
AMA StyleGiuseppe Spilotro, Roberta Pellicani, Daniela Miccoli, Filomena Canora. Analysis of Interaction Between Waves and Cliff Along the Adriatic Coast of Polignano (Apulia, Italy). Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 5. 2014; ():421-425.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuseppe Spilotro; Roberta Pellicani; Daniela Miccoli; Filomena Canora. 2014. "Analysis of Interaction Between Waves and Cliff Along the Adriatic Coast of Polignano (Apulia, Italy)." Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 5 , no. : 421-425.
Antonello Aiello; Maria Adamo; Filomena Canora. Modelling Spatially–Distributed Soil Erosion through Remotely–Sensed Data and GIS. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2014, 372 -385.
AMA StyleAntonello Aiello, Maria Adamo, Filomena Canora. Modelling Spatially–Distributed Soil Erosion through Remotely–Sensed Data and GIS. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2014; ():372-385.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonello Aiello; Maria Adamo; Filomena Canora. 2014. "Modelling Spatially–Distributed Soil Erosion through Remotely–Sensed Data and GIS." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV , no. : 372-385.
Morphological variations of coastlines are caused by several key processes that are influenced by climate conditions, sea level variations, wave energy, tectonics and human-induced phenomena. These processes affect the dynamics of catchment basins and the coastal environment. Since the second half of the 20th century, the Jonian coast of the Basilicata Region (Italy) has witnessed a widespread retreating phenomenon, predominantly due to anthropogenic causes affecting transport processes along the riverbeds and causing reductions in the sediment supply to the coast. The disturbance in the balance between sediment transport carried out by the sea and the sediment supply performed by rivers has led to a deficit in the sediment budget. To understand the morphological dynamics of the littoral environment and quantify the amount of coastal erosion, an analysis of coastline change has been carried out using various data sources: historical cartography, aerial photographs and GPS surveys. Between 1870 and 1954, the 32-km-long Jonian littoral under examination showed an accretion trend, while the loss in beach surface steadily increased between 1954 and 2005. The average change in beach surface has been calculated as about +55,000 m2/yr (accretion) between 1870 and 1954 and −16,500 m2/yr (erosion) between 1954 and 2005. Overall, 640,000 m2 of sandy beaches were lost along the entire Jonian coast of the Basilicata Region between 1954 and 2005. Comparing the shoreline between 1870 and 1954, the average net shoreline movement (NSM) is +110 m vs. −30 m between 1954 and 2005. This analysis approach has proven to be effective in quantifying the erosion phenomenon and its effects, despite the lack of homogeneous data series and the variety of spatial and temporal scales over which coastal evolution occurs. The study represents an important step in understanding coastal dynamics in this region. As coastal areas are being affected by an increasing number of population and socio-economic activities, identification of shoreline changes and forecasts of coastline evolution represent key information for coastal scientists, engineers, decision makers and stakeholders for both the management of and development of future plans for coastal environments and for reducing exposure risk to coastal erosion.
Antonello Aiello; Filomena Canora; Guido Pasquariello; Giuseppe Spilotro. Shoreline variations and coastal dynamics: A space–time data analysis of the Jonian littoral, Italy. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 2013, 129, 124 -135.
AMA StyleAntonello Aiello, Filomena Canora, Guido Pasquariello, Giuseppe Spilotro. Shoreline variations and coastal dynamics: A space–time data analysis of the Jonian littoral, Italy. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2013; 129 ():124-135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonello Aiello; Filomena Canora; Guido Pasquariello; Giuseppe Spilotro. 2013. "Shoreline variations and coastal dynamics: A space–time data analysis of the Jonian littoral, Italy." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 129, no. : 124-135.
The authors welcome the discussion concerning their paper ‘Coastal and inland karst morphologies driven by sea level stands: a GIS based method for their evaluation’ by F. Canora, D. Fidelibus, G. Spilotro, made by J. De Waele and M. Parise. It provides an opportunity to open a debate about the significance of geomorphological studies at different scales, both generally, and for the specific area of study (Murgia, Southern Italy)
Dolores Fidelibus; Giuseppe Spilotro; Filomena Canora. Reply to the discussion on ‘Coastal and inland karst morphologies driven by sea level stands: a GIS based method for their evaluation’ by Filomena Canora, Dolores Fidelibus and Giuseppe Spilotro (2012). Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2013, 38, 898 -901.
AMA StyleDolores Fidelibus, Giuseppe Spilotro, Filomena Canora. Reply to the discussion on ‘Coastal and inland karst morphologies driven by sea level stands: a GIS based method for their evaluation’ by Filomena Canora, Dolores Fidelibus and Giuseppe Spilotro (2012). Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2013; 38 (8):898-901.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDolores Fidelibus; Giuseppe Spilotro; Filomena Canora. 2013. "Reply to the discussion on ‘Coastal and inland karst morphologies driven by sea level stands: a GIS based method for their evaluation’ by Filomena Canora, Dolores Fidelibus and Giuseppe Spilotro (2012)." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 38, no. 8: 898-901.
Sea level is the base level for groundwater circulation in coastal aquifers. The evolution of karst surface landforms and subsurface drainage systems in these aquifers has been conditioned in geological time by tectonics and glacio‐eustatic sea‐level changes. Present morpho‐structural settings and the type/distribution of karst surface and subsurface forms have developed in different carbonate formations according to differences in lithology, climate and exposure time, all driving the intensity of morphologic and karst processes. The repeated and significant changes of groundwater level linked to ‘sea‐level changes’ have had the most important role in driving the continuous evolution of karstic drainage systems, and has resulted in most cases in a multiphase karst. This study aims at defining a general method for identifying, in karst coastal settings, the elevations of flat or low topographic gradient surfaces (using morphometric analysis of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and geographical information systems (GISs), and their comparison with elevations of distinctive karstic levels (passages, lateral solution cavities) observed in vertical shafts and horizontal caves. Of the elevations of flat or low topographic gradient surfaces only those agreeing, within ±10 m or ±20 m, with elevation ranges marked by the high frequency of distinctive karst levels were considered as representative of the more probable past sea‐level stands. The method is applied to a regional coastal carbonate formation in southern Italy, by using a 10 m DEM and information on 140 complex caves and 85 shafts. Of the 15 elevations indicated by DEM analysis [620, 600, 470, 450, 425, 385, 355, 315, 270, 250, 205, 180, 150, 110, and 70 m above sea level (a.s.l.)], 13 match clearly those highlighted by significant frequencies of distinctive karstic levels. These elevations are validated by comparison to the elevation of terraces and karst plains indicated in the literature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Filomena Canora; Maria Dolores Fidelibus; Giuseppe Spilotro. Coastal and inland karst morphologies driven by sea level stands: a GIS based method for their evaluation. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2012, 37, 1376 -1386.
AMA StyleFilomena Canora, Maria Dolores Fidelibus, Giuseppe Spilotro. Coastal and inland karst morphologies driven by sea level stands: a GIS based method for their evaluation. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2012; 37 (13):1376-1386.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFilomena Canora; Maria Dolores Fidelibus; Giuseppe Spilotro. 2012. "Coastal and inland karst morphologies driven by sea level stands: a GIS based method for their evaluation." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 37, no. 13: 1376-1386.
Ethanol is increasingly used as an automotive fuel in an effort to diminish the use of fossil fuels and to reduce the emission of contaminants into the atmosphere. This study is concerned with the potential negative impact of the (accidental) release of ethanol to the subsurface. Spillage and leakage of ethanol may occur accidentally during production of blended fuels,, transport, storage, handling, or use. It will often occur in the vadose zone, i.e., from the soil surface to the water table where the soil or rock contains both water and air. Ethanol is highly miscible with water. It will reduce the air-water surface tension and alter the viscosity of aqueous solutions. Therefore, ethanol may affect the transmission and retention of water and dissolved contaminants in the vadose zone. There is an urgent need to quantify this effect. In the present study changes in the hydraulic properties of porous media due to ethanol are examined. In particular, we incorporated the surface tension of aqueous solutions as a function of the ethanol concentration in the water retention function with the "air entry" value. Furthermore the changes in hydraulic conductivity with ethanol content have been quantified through the definition of a function that relates the solution viscosity to ethanol content. The HYDRUS-1D model developed for water flow and solute transport in unsaturated soils was modified by introducing a subroutine that performed the scaling of the water retention curve and the hydraulic conductivity function according to the ethanol concentration. The code was used to model three different scenarios. In the first scenario, ponding and redistribution of pure ethanol in an ethanol-free soil column is compared with ponding and redistribution of pure water. The results show that the amount of pure water that enters the soil is larger than the ethanol and that pure water will move faster than pure ethanol. In the second scenario we compare spillage with no spillage of ethanol at the soil surface followed, in both cases, by a dry atmospheric condition, precipitation, and again dry atmospheric conditions. The ethanol spillage will lead to a higher water content in the upper part of the soil. In the third scenario, we compare water flow in columns with a 10% initial ethanol content (contaminated soil) and without initial ethanol (pristine soil). Both columns are subjected to precipitation (infiltration) followed by dry atmospheric conditions (redistribution). The higher conductivity of the pristine soil causes a rapid infiltration of water during precipitation and advancement of the liquid front during redistribution compared to the contaminated soil.
Antonella Sciortino; Filomena Canora; Kreg Martin. Effect of Ethanol on Water Flow in the Vadose Zone. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 2010, 1162 -1171.
AMA StyleAntonella Sciortino, Filomena Canora, Kreg Martin. Effect of Ethanol on Water Flow in the Vadose Zone. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. 2010; ():1162-1171.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonella Sciortino; Filomena Canora; Kreg Martin. 2010. "Effect of Ethanol on Water Flow in the Vadose Zone." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 , no. : 1162-1171.
Groundwaters of the Murgia carbonate aquifer represent the main groundwater resource of the Apulia region (SE Italy). In the highlands (Alta Murgia) karst crops out in different forms and textures which have been preserved up to the 1970s: little evolved agriculture and sheep rearing produced only a marginal modification of the epikarst while a high degree of division into parcels by drystone walls helped in preserving soils from erosion. In the last years the original scenery of the Alta Murgia changed due to widespread transformations of surface karstic textures for agricultural purposes, with undeniable negative consequences on the hydrogeological balance, concerning both the infiltration and the runoff terms. Stone shattering led to flattening and deep alteration of a large part of the original karstic landscape and to demolition of drystone walls. In a study area of about 139 km2 located in the Alta Murgia, the comparison of aerial photos related to the period 1950–2001 indicated that stone shattering had occurred for about 42% of the area. The hydrological behaviour of the first soil layer of experimental parcels representing both shattered stone and natural karstic surface textures was analysed by using the numerical model Hydrus-2D with the aim of estimating the variation on infiltration rate due to stone shattering. Intensive field and laboratory measurements concerned soil texture, soil water content, pressure head, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pan evaporation and meteorological parameters
Filomena Canora; Maria Dolores Fidelibus; Antonella Sciortino; Giuseppe Spilotro. Variation of infiltration rate through karstic surfaces due to land use changes: A case study in Murgia (SE-Italy). Engineering Geology 2008, 99, 210 -227.
AMA StyleFilomena Canora, Maria Dolores Fidelibus, Antonella Sciortino, Giuseppe Spilotro. Variation of infiltration rate through karstic surfaces due to land use changes: A case study in Murgia (SE-Italy). Engineering Geology. 2008; 99 ():210-227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFilomena Canora; Maria Dolores Fidelibus; Antonella Sciortino; Giuseppe Spilotro. 2008. "Variation of infiltration rate through karstic surfaces due to land use changes: A case study in Murgia (SE-Italy)." Engineering Geology 99, no. : 210-227.
The "Alta Murgia" region (Apulia, Southern Italy) is a karstic plateau, which constitutes the main recharge area of the Murgia karstic aquifer. The natural morphology of the plateau is defined by widespread surface karst features: karst, karren fields, layers of outcropping rock with discontinuous and thin soils. In general, these soils, relatively thin with sparse vegetation, are primarily used as pastures. Recently, agricultural activities have caused dramatic changes. In particular, ploughing and crushing of the karst surface has led to a conversion of the landscape to fields growing wheat and other crops. Stone clearing practice are carried out by means of the repeated grinding of the carbonate rocks with modern technologies, intensive use of bulldozers and machinery, besides destroying and removing rocks from the fields. Practically, the natural karstic soils were replaced with a layer of homogenous soil, useful for cultivation. This cultivated soil has increased the evapotranspiration and significantly reduced the infiltration thus affecting the water balance and the aquifer recharge. In the present study we analyze the impact of changes in soil texture and crop growth on the water balance in the "Alta Murgia" area by analyzing the features of the newly created soil. The characterization of the modified soil involved both field and laboratory measurements. The HYDRUS 2D model was used to simulate the infiltration process in the unsaturated zone. The objective of this paper is to elucidate the effect of stone removal by presenting a water balance for new soils. The simulations demonstrate that the available infiltration rate at the top layer varies from 60% of the overall amount of rainfall for the bare soil to only 25% in the presence of vegetation. Knowledge of the interactions between vegetation, soil and climate is essential to quantify the vadose zone hydrology and, hence the hydrogeology of the underlying karst system.
F. Canora; A. Sciortino; G. Spilotro; A. Di Santo. Effects of Anthropogenic Modification of Karst Soil Texture on the Water Balance of ''Alta Murgia'' (Apulia, Italy). Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst 2005, 423 -431.
AMA StyleF. Canora, A. Sciortino, G. Spilotro, A. Di Santo. Effects of Anthropogenic Modification of Karst Soil Texture on the Water Balance of ''Alta Murgia'' (Apulia, Italy). Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst. 2005; ():423-431.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Canora; A. Sciortino; G. Spilotro; A. Di Santo. 2005. "Effects of Anthropogenic Modification of Karst Soil Texture on the Water Balance of ''Alta Murgia'' (Apulia, Italy)." Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst , no. : 423-431.