Purpose of Review: Overweight and obesity are associated to health prognosis. Therefore, body composition assessment is an important health outcome, especially in adult population. We analyzed the criterion-related validity of existing field-based methods and equations for body composition estimation in adults aged 19–64 years.Recent Findings: One hundred studies met inclusion criteria. The field-based methods, waist circumference (WC), body adiposity index (BAI), and body mass index (BMI) are valid to indicate body adiposity. Likewise, several equations, including the classical Durnin/Womersley equation, Jackson/Pollock equation (males), and Jackson, Pollock, and Ward equation (females), are valid to estimate total body fat mass or body fat percentage.Summary: Anthropometric field methods can provide a simple, quick, and easy informative indicators of adiposity in adults. Classical equations, such as Durnin/Womersley equation, Jackson/Pollock equation, and Jackson, Pollock, and Ward equation, are still valid to estimate total body fat mass or body fat percentage in adult population. When choosing estimation equations, specific population characteristics, such as age, weight status, or race ethnicity, should be taken into account. (Trial Registration: Registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020194272)).Graphical

To analyze the criterion-related validity and the reliability of fitness field tests for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness in adults, by sex, age, and physical activity level. Cross-sectional. During 3 weeks, sociodemographic, anthropometric measurements, a treadmill maximal test, the 2-km walk test, and the 20-m SRT were performed in 410 adults aged 18-64 years. Measured and estimated VO_2max (by Oja's and Leger's equations) were analyzed. Measured VO_2max was associated with estimated VO_2max by the 2-km walk test and 20-m SRT (r = 0.784 and r = 0.875, respectively; both p < 0.01). Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean difference of -0.30 ml* kg^-1 * min^-1 (p < 0.001, d = -0.141) in the 2-km walk test, and 0.86 ml* kg^-1 * min^-1 (p = 0.051) in the 20-m SRT. Significant mean differences between test and retest were found in the time to complete the 2-km walk test (-1.48 ± 0.51 s, p = 0.004, d = -0.014) and in the final stage reached in the 20-m SRT (0.04 ± 0.01, p = 0.002, d = 0.015). Non-significant differences were found between test and retest in the estimated VO_2max by Oja's (-0.29 ± 0.20 ml* kg^-1 * min^-1, p > 0.05) and Leger's eqs. (0.03 ± 0.04 ml* kg^-1 * min^-1, p > 0.05). Moreover, both test results and estimated VO_2max equations showed a high test-retest reliability. Both tests were valid and reliable for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness in adults aged 18-64 years, regardless of sex, age, and physical activity level.

Background: the purpose of this study was to analyze the reliability of a field-based fitness test battery in young trained football players, according to biological age. Methods: 197 young trained football players (12–19 years old) participated in the study. We measured anthropometric measurements (i.e., height, sitting height, length leg, and body mass), a bilateral vertical jumping test (CMJ), a progressive loading test of squats and hip thrust, acceleration and speed tests (10 m and 30 m sprint tests), a change-of-direction ability test (V–cut test), and a cardiorespiratory fitness test (30–15 intermittent fitness test). Statistical data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation by PHV group in tests and retests. Test reliability was assessed through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with an ICC above 0.9 being considered high. To evaluate accuracy and repeatability, standard error of measurement, coefficient of variation, and minimum detectable change at 90% were determined and Bland–Altman diagrams were used, establishing a statistical significance of p < 0.05. Results: All of the tests showed non-significant differences between the test and retest in the pooled sample (p > 0.05). Furthermore, all of them presented a trivial effect size (0.9), which indicates the high reproducibility of the tests, despite some of them presenting a significant difference between trials (i.e., the CMJ, 10 m sprint, V–cut, and squat tests). Low measurement errors were found for all tests (coefficient of variation [CV] = 4.39–9.39), except for the CMJ and the progressive loading test for squat and hip thrust exercises (CV = 12.2–21.11). Similar results were found irrespective of biological age group. Conclusions: All tests were reliable for the pooled sample as well as for the biological age groups.

The aim of the present study was to determine the responsiveness of health-related field-based physical fitness tests in adults. A total of 62 non-active participants aged 18–64 years were randomized into the intervention (n = 31) and control (n = 31) groups. The exercise program included three sessions/wk (60 min per session) of multicomponent exercise training for 12 weeks. The control group continued with their usual routines. Pre–post differences were explored with pairwise comparison analysis of variance for each group. The proportion of responders/non-responders and the percentage of the population that was expected to respond to the intervention were calculated. None of the tests changed pre–post in the control group (all p > 0.05 and Cohen’s d ≤ 0.2). In the intervention group, overall, all tests were found to be responsive (all p < 0.01) after the exercise program with an effects size improvement of moderate to large (all Cohen’s d > 0.50), except the body weight, waist circumference, and handgrip (Cohen’s d ≤ 0.1). In absolute terms, the pre- and post-test differences in the intervention group were –0.94 kg in body weight, –0.84 cm in waist circumference, 1.30 stages in the 20-m shuttle run test, –82.62 s in the 2-km walk test, 62.50 m in the 6-min walk test, –0.33 s in the 6-m gait speed test, –0.71 s in the timed up & go test, –1.23 s in the 4 x 10-m shuttle run test, 1.35 kg in the handgrip test, 17.25 cm in the standing long jump test, 3.62 repetitions in the 30-s sit to stand test and 44.11 s in the prone bridging test. The proportion of individual responders was >46%, while the proportion of the population expected to respond was >85% in most of the tests evaluated, except for the anthropometric and handgrip tests. The proportion of individual responders was>46%, while the proportion of the population expected to respond was>85% in most of the tests evaluated. All the health-related field-based physical fitness tests were found to be responsive following a 12-week multicomponent exercise training program, except the anthropometric and handgrip tests, which were less responsive than the others and might require specifically targeted interventions to respond further.

The aim of the present study was to determine the responsiveness of the health-related field-based physical fitness tests used in adults. A total of 62 non-active participants aged 18 to 64 years were randomized into the intervention ( n =31) or control group ( n =31). The exercise program included 3 sessions/wk (60 min/session) of multicomponent exercise training for 12 weeks. The control group continued with their usual routines. Pre-post differences were explored with pairwise comparison ANOVA for each group. Percentage of change and the size effect were also calculated. The proportion of responders/non-responders and percentage of the population that was expected to respond to the intervention were calculated. Characteristics of study groups were similar at baseline (all P >0.05). All tests were found to be responsive (all P 0.50), except to the weight, body mass index, waist circumference and handgrip tests with trivial effect sizes ( P >0.05, Cohen’s d <0.20). The highest proportion of individual responders based on the standard deviation was observed in the 4×10-m shuttle run, 30-s sit-to-stand, 6-m gait speed and timed up & go tests. The proportion of the population that was expected to respond to the intervention was higher than 85% in most of the field-based physical fitness tests evaluated. Overall, all health-related field-based physical fitness tests were found to be responsive after a multicomponent exercise intervention regardless sex and age.