The intricate relationship between climate and society in a given region demands a profound understanding of climate patterns, especially in agricultural areas like Diamantina, Minas Gerais (MG), recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as the birthplace of the first Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) in Brazil, situated in the southwest region of the country. Given the growing concerns about climate change, we conducted a meticulous analysis of the climatic characteristics of Diamantina-MG. To achieve this, we examined historical meteorological data from 1973 to 2022, employing the Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope tests to analyze trends. Additionally, we utilized three global climate models (GCMs) under different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) to predict future climate scenarios (2021–2100) based on the projections of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Furthermore, we used Köppen and Thornthwaite climate classification methodologies to characterize both the current and future climate conditions of the region. Our results indicate that, historically, Diamantina-MG has experienced significant increases in minimum temperature, indicating a warmer climate in recent decades. For temperature, the projections show a consensus among models, projecting a continuous increase, potentially reaching up to 5.8 °C above the historical average temperature (19.2 °C) by the end of the century. Regarding rainfall projections, they show greater uncertainty, with discrepancies among models observed until 2060. However, specifically for the second half of the century (2060–2100), the models agree that there will be increases in annual rainfall. Regarding the climatic types of the region, we found that the current Köppen Cwb and Thornthwaite B3rB’3a’ classifications could shift to Aw and B1wA’a’, representing a humid tropical savanna climate with longer periods of water deficiency, considering the impacts resulting from increased air temperature and evapotranspiration. In summary, the study’s results indicate that climate changes are occurring and are likely to intensify in the Jequitinhonha Valley region, MG, in the future. The analysis of these data, from the perspective of the Brazilian GIAHS sustainability, reveals the importance of considering adaptation and mitigation measures to ensure the resilience of agricultural systems and local communities in the region that face these significant environmental changes.

In recent years, the rapid advancement of digital technologies has driven significant transformations across various aspects of social life, including the educational field, where the impacts have been profound and far-reaching. Against this backdrop, this study examines the influence of digital technologies on children's literacy and reading development processes, emphasizing the challenges and potential of these tools in the school environment. The objective is to analyze how these technologies affect the acquisition of reading and writing skills and explore their role in fostering motivation, engagement, and critical and creative development in children. Additionally, the study seeks to understand the mediating role of teachers in effectively using these tools. The methodology is grounded in a comprehensive literature review, drawing from established authors in the field. The findings include identifying pedagogical strategies that align digital technologies with fundamental reading and writing skills development, promoting an effective, critical, and inclusive literacy process without compromising children's essential cognitive abilities. The teacher's mediating role was also recognized as crucial throughout this process.

A produção agrícola depende de recursos naturais como solo, água e clima. A agrometeorologia, que aplica conhecimentos meteorológicos à agricultura, visa mitigar perdas climáticas e aumentar a produtividade, sendo as estações meteorológicas fundamentais na coleta de dados. No Brasil, essa tarefa cabe ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), mas as 750 estações em operação são insuficientes para cobrir todo o território, gerando lacunas nos dados. Este trabalho comparou dados meteorológicos de sete municípios de Minas Gerais com duas bases de dados, Xavier e NASA/POWER, para identificar a mais adequada a suprir as falhas do INMET. Foram coletados dados de precipitação, temperatura, umidade, vento e insolação entre 1981 e 2010. As estimativas de radiação solar usaram o modelo Angstrom-Prescott. Dados das bases Xavier e NASA/POWER foram submetidos a análises estatísticas e comparados aos observacionais do INMET. Indicadores como regressão linear, coeficientes de determinação (r²), correlação de Pearson (r), índice de concordância de Willmott (d), índice de desempenho (c) e erro-padrão da estimativa (EPE) foram utilizados. A base Xavier mostrou maior precisão em precipitação, temperatura e umidade, superando a NASA/POWER em todos os índices estatísticos. Para a velocidade do vento, ambas as bases tiveram resultados insatisfatórios, com Xavier performando ligeiramente melhor. Concluímos que a base Xavier é mais adequada para preencher lacunas dos dados do INMET, especialmente em precipitação, temperatura, umidade e radiação solar, enquanto a NASA/POWER apresentou maior variabilidade e menor precisão.

Valorization of municipal solid waste (MSW) for energy represents a strategic alternative for developing countries, as it mitigates emissions, reduces pressure on landfills, and diversifies the electricity matrix. This study quantified the potential for electricity generation from MSW in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, using primary gravimetric characterization data, a method rarely employed in tropical areas. The identified composition showed a predominance of the organic fraction (47.6–73.3%), confirming the relevance of biological routes. The results indicated a consolidated potential of 106,640 MWh·year⁻¹, of which 94.7% was from biogas recovery and 5.3% from incineration. Almenara, one of the three locations analyzed, showed the highest potential (48,200 MWh·year⁻¹), followed by Diamantina (34,540 MWh·year⁻¹) and Capelinha (23,900 MWh·year⁻¹). The specific yields ranged from 0.33 to 0.53 MWh·ton⁻¹ MSW and the per capita indicators from 1.01 to 1.49 MWh·cap⁻¹·year⁻¹. The climate mitigation potential reached 1.0 Mt of CO₂eq·year⁻¹. It is concluded that valorization in the Jequitinhonha Valley should prioritize biogas recovery, complemented by the incineration of rejects. The materialization of this potential requires advancements in infrastructure, selective collection, and socio-productive inclusion. This study provides evidence for public policies and contributes to the literature by demonstrating that valorization can boost energy transition and socio-environmental equity in developing tropical regions.

Climate variability and extreme events disproportionately affect rural regions with limited adaptive capacity. In Minas Gerais, Brazil, mesoregions with semi-arid characteristics face severe vulnerabilities, underscoring the importance of detailed regional climate trend analyses. This study analyzed historical air temperature (maximum, minimum, and average) and precipitation from 1990 to 2019 in four mesoregions of Minas Gerais. The goal was to support climate planning and the development of local responses. Daily data from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) and a gridded meteorological database were analyzed using Mann–Kendall and Sen’s non-parametric tests, with a 95% confidence level (p-value ≤ 0.05) to identify significant trends. Annual results showed significant increases in maximum temperature in 15 of 24 evaluated areas, with rates from −0.03 to +0.15 °C year⁻¹. For minimum and average temperatures, significant increases were observed in 17 locations. Annual precipitation showed a downward trend in 21 areas. Monthly and seasonal analyses confirmed this pattern of warming and reduced rainfall. These findings indicate an intensification of climate stress in over 80% of the studied locations, potentially impacting agriculture, public health, and ecosystems, requiring specific regional adaptive responses.

In light of escalating environmental degradation and the complexity of today’s socio‐ecological challenges, educational processes must adopt pedagogical practices integrating knowledge, values, and critical action. Within this context, environmental education emerges as a strategic formative field, with didactics playing a central role in mediating knowledge and mobilizing learners. This article examines the role of didactics as a formative instrument in teaching–learning processes focused on environmental issues, with special emphasis on urban solid waste. We conducted a qualitative study via pedagogical workshops with basic‐education students in public schools of Diamantina, Brazil, as part of a research project articulated with university teaching and extension. Activities unfolded in four phases: diagnostic probing, dialogic exposition, hands‐on work with recyclable materials, and the sharing of student‐produced artifacts. Data were gathered through participant observation, field notes, and analysis of student work, and were interpreted using qualitative triangulation. The findings indicate gains in students’ critical understanding of environmental issues and the adoption of ethical, collaborative, and sustainable attitudes. They also reveal strengthened initial teacher training among the participating preservice teachers, particularly in linking theory to practice and appreciating the social role of teaching. The evidence suggests that contextualized, dialogic, and participatory pedagogical experiences foster meaningful learning and contribute to the consolidation of a culture of socio‐environmental responsibility.