Valorization of municipal solid waste (MSW) for energy represents a strategic alternative for developing countries, as it mitigates emissions, reduces pressure on landfills, and diversifies the electricity matrix. This study quantified the potential for electricity generation from MSW in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, using primary gravimetric characterization data, a method rarely employed in tropical areas. The identified composition showed a predominance of the organic fraction (47.6–73.3%), confirming the relevance of biological routes. The results indicated a consolidated potential of 106,640 MWh·year⁻¹, of which 94.7% was from biogas recovery and 5.3% from incineration. Almenara, one of the three locations analyzed, showed the highest potential (48,200 MWh·year⁻¹), followed by Diamantina (34,540 MWh·year⁻¹) and Capelinha (23,900 MWh·year⁻¹). The specific yields ranged from 0.33 to 0.53 MWh·ton⁻¹ MSW and the per capita indicators from 1.01 to 1.49 MWh·cap⁻¹·year⁻¹. The climate mitigation potential reached 1.0 Mt of CO₂eq·year⁻¹. It is concluded that valorization in the Jequitinhonha Valley should prioritize biogas recovery, complemented by the incineration of rejects. The materialization of this potential requires advancements in infrastructure, selective collection, and socio-productive inclusion. This study provides evidence for public policies and contributes to the literature by demonstrating that valorization can boost energy transition and socio-environmental equity in developing tropical regions.

In light of escalating environmental degradation and the complexity of today’s socio‐ecological challenges, educational processes must adopt pedagogical practices integrating knowledge, values, and critical action. Within this context, environmental education emerges as a strategic formative field, with didactics playing a central role in mediating knowledge and mobilizing learners. This article examines the role of didactics as a formative instrument in teaching–learning processes focused on environmental issues, with special emphasis on urban solid waste. We conducted a qualitative study via pedagogical workshops with basic‐education students in public schools of Diamantina, Brazil, as part of a research project articulated with university teaching and extension. Activities unfolded in four phases: diagnostic probing, dialogic exposition, hands‐on work with recyclable materials, and the sharing of student‐produced artifacts. Data were gathered through participant observation, field notes, and analysis of student work, and were interpreted using qualitative triangulation. The findings indicate gains in students’ critical understanding of environmental issues and the adoption of ethical, collaborative, and sustainable attitudes. They also reveal strengthened initial teacher training among the participating preservice teachers, particularly in linking theory to practice and appreciating the social role of teaching. The evidence suggests that contextualized, dialogic, and participatory pedagogical experiences foster meaningful learning and contribute to the consolidation of a culture of socio‐environmental responsibility.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência à penetração em um Latossolo cultivado com as gramíneas forrageiras Urochloa ruziziensis, Urochloa brizantha cultivar MG-5 Vitória e Megathyrsus maximum cultivar Mombaça, submetido a diferentes graus de compactação (65%, 75%, 85% e 95%) e a uma aplicação de fertilizante nitrogenado (300 kg ha-1). O foco foi tanto na capacidade dessas espécies de melhorar a estrutura do solo quanto em sua susceptibilidade à compactação. As amostras indeformadas foram coletadas após 90 dias em três experimentos independentes. Após a coleta, as amostras foram preparadas e saturadas por 48 horas antes de iniciar o ensaio de resistência à penetração. A avaliação foi realizada em vasos com solo compactado a um grau de compactação de 95%, antes da semeadura. Os modelos matemáticos de resistência à penetração das três gramíneas foram estatisticamente diferentes, exceto nos graus de compactação de 65% e 75%. A Urochloa ruziziensis reduziu a resistência à penetração em 11% em comparação à compactação inicial, enquanto a Urochloa brizantha cultivar MG-5 Vitória e o Megathyrsus maximum cultivar Mombaça apresentaram reduções de 24% e 18%, respectivamente. A Urochloa ruziziensis apresentou a maior resistência à penetração na umidade em capacidade de campo, com grau de compactação de 95%. Todas as três espécies demonstraram potencial para melhorar a estrutura do solo compactado, com a Urochloa brizantha cultivar MG-5 Vitória mostrando a maior eficiência.

This study assessed whether the additional spectral information provided by RPAS-based multispectral imagery improves semi-automatic individual tree crown segmentation relative to RGB imagery in young Eucalyptus spp. stands. RGB and multispectral datasets were acquired 180 days after planting. Representative variables derived from each sensor were selected using Principal Component Analysis and used as input for k-means segmentation, followed by vector-based post-processing and comparison with reference polygons delineated through visual photointerpretation. Multispectral segmentations achieved higher Precision, shorter centroid distances, greater Coincidence Range, and lower modified MSEI, indicating more accurate segment positioning, stronger boundary agreement with the reference delineations, and lower overall geometric discrepancy. Although RGB imagery produced a higher mean Recall, this was associated with lower spatial precision and a greater visual occurrence of merged adjacent crowns, thereby limiting the reliable individualisation of trees. These findings indicate that, in young Eucalyptus spp. stands, multispectral information improves key geometric aspects of individual tree crown segmentation, especially when the aim is to derive tree-level attributes.