The goal of the presented work was to find the most favorable conditions for the synthesis and stabilization of chemically pure ettringite and monosulfate. The reaction was carried out by mixing pure tricalcium aluminate (C₃A) and gypsum (C$\overline{\mathrm{S}}$H₂) in an excess amount of water. The impact of hydration time (2–7 days), C₃A:C$\overline{\mathrm{S}}$ molar ratio (1:1–1:3) and water vapor pressure of the selected drying agents (anhydrite-III and supersaturated CaCl₂ solution) on the phase composition of the products was evaluated. After 7 days of hydration, either ettringite or monosulfate was obtained as the main product, depending on the C₃A:C$\overline{\mathrm{S}}$ molar ratio. The synthesis carried out at a C₃A:C$\overline{\mathrm{S}}$ molar ratio of 1:3 produced pure ettringite. In the case of the sample characterized by the ratio of 1:1 (typical of monosulfate), a considerable portion of ettringite (27.9%) was present in the final products along the AFm phase. Therefore, a different synthesis method has to be selected in order to obtain pure monosulfate. The results showed that thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and FTIR spectroscopy can be used to distinguish the characteristic features of ettringite and monosulfate.

Lung cancer (LC), particularly nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is one of the most prevalent types of neoplasia worldwide, regardless of gender, with the highest mortality rates in oncology. Over the years, treatment for NSCLC has evolved from conventional surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy to more tailored and minimally invasive approaches. The use of personalised therapies has increased the expected efficacy of treatment while simultaneously reducing the frequency of severe adverse effects (AEs). In this review, we discuss established modern approaches, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy, as well as experimental molecular methods like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and nanoparticles. These emerging methods offer promising outcomes and shorten the recovery time for various patients. Recent advances in the diagnostic field, including imaging and genetic profiling, have enabled the implementation of these methods. The versatility of these modern therapies allows for multiple treatment options, such as single-agent use, combination with existing conventional treatments, or incorporation into new regimens. As a result, patients can survive even in the advanced stages of NSCLC, leading to increased survival indicators such as overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Nowadays, because of the use of active additives in cement, studies on carbonation progress are crucial to ensure the safety of structures. Carbonation depth measurement involves the use of a calliper to determine the front of the carbonation. The values determined in this way are averaged, and...