Objective: This study aimed to assess clinical efficacy of 4‐mm‐short implants in patients with posterior severe vertical bone atrophy in the medium‐ and long‐term follow‐up.Materials and Methods: Patients rehabilitated with 4‐mm‐short implants in the posterior atrophic jaws, with a minimum follow‐up of 3 years post‐loading, were included in the study. Data were collected for eligible patients, and marginal bone loss (MBL) for each implant was evaluated. The research outcomes were implant failure, MBL and complications.Results: A total of 212 patients with 496 implants were included, resulting in a mean follow‐up of 8.02 ± 2.17 years. The implant survival rate was 95.36% (95% CI: 93.12%–97.04%). More implant failures were observed in the maxilla (p = .02) and fewer failures were observed in patients undergoing more number of hygienic sessions per year (p < .001). The average MBL after 1‐year‐loading was 0.47 mm, increasing to 0.59 mm after 10 years; after 3 years no statistically significant increase in MBL was observed. Maxillary implants showed greater bone loss than mandibular ones (p < .001). More frequent professional oral hygiene sessions per year resulted being related with reduced MBL (p < .001).Conclusions: Four‐mm‐short implants showed high survival rates with an up to 10‐year follow‐up. Their use can offer a fixed prosthetic solution for patients with posterior vertical bone atrophy, minimizing surgical invasiveness, rehabilitative times and costs.

Patients undergoing oral surgery are frequently polymedicated and preoperative prescriptions (analgesics, corticosteroids, antibiotics) can generate clinically significant drug–drug interactions (DDIs) associated with bleeding risk, serotonin toxicity, cardiovascular instability and other adverse events. This study prospectively evaluated whether large language models (LLMs) can assist in detecting clinically relevant DDIs at the point of care. Five LLMs (ChatGPT-5, DeepSeek-Chat, DeepSeek-Reasoner, Gemini-Flash, and Gemini-Pro) were compared with a panel of experienced oral surgeons in 500 standardized oral-surgery cases constructed from realistic chronic medication profiles and typical postoperative regimens. For each case, all chronic and procedure-related drugs were provided and the task was to identify DDIs and rate their severity using an ordinal Lexicomp-based scale (A–X), with D/X considered “action required”. Primary outcomes were exact agreement with surgeon consensus and ordinal concordance; secondary outcomes included sensitivity for actionable DDIs, specificity, error pattern and response latency. DeepSeek-Chat reached the highest exact agreement with surgeons (50.6%) and showed perfect specificity (100%) but low sensitivity (18%), missing 82% of actionable D/X alerts. ChatGPT-5 showed the highest sensitivity (98.0%) but lower specificity (56.7%) and generated more false-positive warnings. Median response time was 3.6 s for the fastest model versus 225 s for expert review. These findings indicate that current LLMs can deliver rapid, structured DDI screening in oral surgery but exhibit distinct safety trade-offs between missed critical interactions and alert overcalling. They should therefore be considered as decision-support tools rather than substitutes for clinical judgment and their integration should prioritize validated, supervised workflows.

Background/Objectives: Osseointegration of titanium dental implants is essential for the long-term success of prosthetic treatments. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) has recently emerged as a promising surface modification technique aimed at enhancing early osseointegration by improving implant surface properties and exerting antimicrobial effects. This systematic review aims to critically evaluate the in vivo preclinical evidence on the effects of CAP or similar cold plasma treatments on titanium dental implant surfaces with regard to osseointegration outcomes. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus databases for preclinical in vivo studies published between 2005 and 2025 investigating the effects of cold plasma on titanium dental implant surfaces. The primary outcome assessed was the bone-to-implant contact (BIC), followed by secondary outcomes including implant stability quotient (ISQ), removal torque, bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO), peri-implant bone density (PIBD), interfacial bone density (IBD), bone-implant direct weight (BDWT) and bone loss measurements via histology and micro-CT. Risk of bias was evaluated using the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. Results: Nine eligible studies involving 310 titanium implants in 71 animal models (dogs, pigs and mice) were included. CAP-treated implants consistently demonstrated significant improvements in early osseointegration parameters compared to controls, with statistically significant increases in BIC (up to +20%), BAFO and biomechanical fixation metrics (removal torque and ISQ). Micro-CT analyses revealed enhanced peri-implant bone density and architecture. No adverse biological events or implant failures related to plasma treatment were reported. However, heterogeneity in plasma protocols, animal species and short follow-up durations (2–12 weeks) limited comparability and long-term interpretation. Conclusions: Preclinical evidence seems to support CAP as a safe and potentially effective surface treatment for enhancing early osseointegration of titanium dental implants. Further standardized long-term studies involving functional loading and clinical trials in humans are needed to confirm clinical efficacy and optimize treatment protocols.

Background: The malar bone provides an anchorage point for zygomatic implants, avoiding invasive reconstructive surgeries in the fixed rehabilitation of fully edentulous and severely atrophic maxillae. The limited bone volume, however, requires precise implant placement to prevent complications related to nearby anatomical structures. This observational cross-sectional study aims to measure the malar and zygomatic arch bones and their distances from critical anatomical landmarks to guide surgeons in safe zygomatic implant placement. Methods: Dissections were performed bilaterally on 29 heads from human donated bodies in a cross-sectional observational study. Key landmarks evaluated include the infraorbital foramen (IF), pyriform nasal aperture (PNA), infraorbital margin (IM), zygomaticofacial foramen (ZFF), anterior end (A), and the most protruding point of the zygomatic arch (B). Measurements included IF-PNA, IF-IM, IF-ZFF, ZFF-IM, A-B, and orbital floor depth (OFD). Results: Significant findings showed IF-PNA was greater in males (18.66 ± 2.63 mm, p = 0.001), and IF-ZFF varied between sides (26.72 ± 8.7 mm, p = 0.002). ZFF-IM was larger in males (7.43 ± 2.09 mm, p < 0.001). Heights and thicknesses were also assessed, with significant side differences observed. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of understanding precise anatomical distances for successful implant placement. The study provides essential data to enhance surgical planning and training, ensuring safer procedures and minimizing the risk of complications.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the survival rates of Mini Dental Implants (MDIs) placed in both the maxilla and the mandible, and their associated overdenture prostheses in edentulous patients over short‐, medium‐, and long‐term follow‐up periods. Materials and Methods: Patients rehabilitated with Mini Dental Implants (diameter ≤ 2.9 mm) as support for overdenture prostheses with a minimum follow‐up period of 3 years were included in the study. Data from eligible patients were collected, and marginal bone loss (MBL) was assessed for each implant. The primary outcomes for the prostheses and implants included failure rates, complications, and implant‐related MBL. Results: The study analyzed 83 patients and 334 implants over an 8.09 ± 3.96‐year mean follow‐up. The cumulative implant survival rate at 15 years was 86.3% (95% CI: 79.5%–91.0%). Mean MBL increased from 0.09 ± 0.44 mm at implant placement to 1.79 ± 0.82 mm at 15 years, with Lodi Biomax implants exhibiting significantly lower annual bone loss compared to Dentatus Atlas implants ( p < 0.001). The prosthetic survival rate was 95.45% (95% CI: 91.1–99.81). Longer follow‐up ( p = 0.018) and fewer adjustments ( p < 0.001) reduced risks of complication occurrence. Additionally, Lodi Biomax implants had fewer complications compared to Dentatus Atlas ( p = 0.039). Conclusion: Mini Dental Implants with a diameter between 2.4 and 3 mm showed high survival rates over follow‐ups of up to 15 years. Their use offers a viable prosthetic solution for edentulous patients, minimizing surgical invasiveness, rehabilitation time, and costs, particularly when a fixed prosthesis is either not feasible or not requested by the patient.