Background/Objectives: Osseointegration of titanium dental implants is essential for the long-term success of prosthetic treatments. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) has recently emerged as a promising surface modification technique aimed at enhancing early osseointegration by improving implant surface properties and exerting antimicrobial effects. This systematic review aims to critically evaluate the in vivo preclinical evidence on the effects of CAP or similar cold plasma treatments on titanium dental implant surfaces with regard to osseointegration outcomes. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus databases for preclinical in vivo studies published between 2005 and 2025 investigating the effects of cold plasma on titanium dental implant surfaces. The primary outcome assessed was the bone-to-implant contact (BIC), followed by secondary outcomes including implant stability quotient (ISQ), removal torque, bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO), peri-implant bone density (PIBD), interfacial bone density (IBD), bone-implant direct weight (BDWT) and bone loss measurements via histology and micro-CT. Risk of bias was evaluated using the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. Results: Nine eligible studies involving 310 titanium implants in 71 animal models (dogs, pigs and mice) were included. CAP-treated implants consistently demonstrated significant improvements in early osseointegration parameters compared to controls, with statistically significant increases in BIC (up to +20%), BAFO and biomechanical fixation metrics (removal torque and ISQ). Micro-CT analyses revealed enhanced peri-implant bone density and architecture. No adverse biological events or implant failures related to plasma treatment were reported. However, heterogeneity in plasma protocols, animal species and short follow-up durations (2–12 weeks) limited comparability and long-term interpretation. Conclusions: Preclinical evidence seems to support CAP as a safe and potentially effective surface treatment for enhancing early osseointegration of titanium dental implants. Further standardized long-term studies involving functional loading and clinical trials in humans are needed to confirm clinical efficacy and optimize treatment protocols.

Patients undergoing oral surgery are frequently polymedicated and preoperative prescriptions (analgesics, corticosteroids, antibiotics) can generate clinically significant drug–drug interactions (DDIs) associated with bleeding risk, serotonin toxicity, cardiovascular instability and other adverse events. This study prospectively evaluated whether large language models (LLMs) can assist in detecting clinically relevant DDIs at the point of care. Five LLMs (ChatGPT-5, DeepSeek-Chat, DeepSeek-Reasoner, Gemini-Flash, and Gemini-Pro) were compared with a panel of experienced oral surgeons in 500 standardized oral-surgery cases constructed from realistic chronic medication profiles and typical postoperative regimens. For each case, all chronic and procedure-related drugs were provided and the task was to identify DDIs and rate their severity using an ordinal Lexicomp-based scale (A–X), with D/X considered “action required”. Primary outcomes were exact agreement with surgeon consensus and ordinal concordance; secondary outcomes included sensitivity for actionable DDIs, specificity, error pattern and response latency. DeepSeek-Chat reached the highest exact agreement with surgeons (50.6%) and showed perfect specificity (100%) but low sensitivity (18%), missing 82% of actionable D/X alerts. ChatGPT-5 showed the highest sensitivity (98.0%) but lower specificity (56.7%) and generated more false-positive warnings. Median response time was 3.6 s for the fastest model versus 225 s for expert review. These findings indicate that current LLMs can deliver rapid, structured DDI screening in oral surgery but exhibit distinct safety trade-offs between missed critical interactions and alert overcalling. They should therefore be considered as decision-support tools rather than substitutes for clinical judgment and their integration should prioritize validated, supervised workflows.

Background/Objectives: Conventional radiographic methods, although considered the gold standard for dental implantology, are not exempt from certain limitations, including their two-dimensional nature, the exposure to ionizing radiation and the inability to assess soft tissues. Ultrasonography (US) has recently emerged as a promising diagnostic tool due to its non-invasive and radiation-free properties. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical applications of ultrasonography in implant dentistry, focusing on both preoperative planning and postoperative monitoring and to compare its diagnostic performance with conventional imaging modalities. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases (2005–2025) to identify clinical studies evaluating the diagnostic applications of ultrasonography in implant dentistry. The review included randomized controlled trials, diagnostic accuracy studies, case series and case reports. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB-2 tool for RCTs, QUADAS-2 for diagnostic studies and the JBI checklist for case reports and series. Results: 17 eligible studies were included in this review, comprising 4 RCTs, 10 diagnostic accuracy studies, 2 case report and 1 case series, for a total of 371 patients evaluated. Ultrasonography proved effective in the preoperative setting for evaluating mucosal thickness, keratinized mucosa, tissue phenotype, ridge width and bone morphology, often showing high agreement with CBCT and clinical measurements. In the postoperative phase, US enabled monitoring of soft tissue healing, vascular perfusion, graft maturation and detection of peri-implant pathology, with some studies showing correlations between early ultrasonographic findings and long-term clinical outcomes. Comparative studies revealed strong concordance with CBCT (mean deviations < 0.5–1 mm) and superior performance in both soft tissue visualization and cases affected by radiographic artifacts. Conclusions: Ultrasonography represents a promising adjunctive tool in implant dentistry, capable of complementing or, in selected scenarios, replacing conventional radiographic methods. While current evidence highlights its diagnostic potential across different stages of implant therapy, further standardized, large-scale clinical studies are required before routine integration into daily practice.

Background: Open-flap immediate loading full-arch rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla remains clinically demanding because flap elevation modifies the soft-tissue anatomy and stable anatomical landmarks for digital registration are limited. The Impression Reference (IR) technique was developed as a workflow-oriented strategy to provide a recognizable spatial reference during dataset matching and prosthetic transfer. This case series evaluated the feasibility of completing an IR-assisted digital workflow in patients undergoing open-flap immediate full-arch rehabilitation of the atrophic maxilla. Methods: This feasibility case series included 26 completely edentulous patients with severe maxillary atrophy treated with immediate full-arch implant-supported rehabilitation using an Impression Reference-assisted digital workflow. No control group was included and no quantitative accuracy analysis was performed. Workflow-related and prosthetic-transfer outcomes were evaluated descriptively, including completion of dataset matching, prosthetic transfer, IR coupling within the predefined 0.2 mm tolerance, delivery of the immediate prosthesis, clinically acceptable passive fit, prosthetic congruence with the pre-surgical digital plan, and surgical complications. Results: The IR-assisted workflow, dataset matching, prosthetic transfer, and immediate prosthetic delivery were completed in all 26 patients. All patient-specific digital projects complied with the nominal 0.2 mm CAD coupling tolerance, and the associated components could be completely seated and remained clinically stable during use. Clinically acceptable prosthesis fit and prosthetic congruence with the pre-surgical project were recorded in all immediate restorations according to the predefined clinical criteria. No intraoperative surgical complications were documented in the available records. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this descriptive case series, the IR-assisted workflow was feasible in all the included patients undergoing open-flap immediate loading full-arch rehabilitation of the atrophic maxilla. Successful workflow completion should not be interpreted as quantitative evidence.

Background: Auricular defects resulting from congenital anomalies, trauma, or oncologic resection pose significant functional and psychosocial challenges. When autologous reconstruction is not feasible or not desired, implant-retained auricular prostheses represent a reliable alternative with high patient satisfaction. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the clinical performance of craniofacial implants used for auricular prosthetic rehabilitation, focusing on implant survival, prosthetic outcomes, workflow typologies, and complications. A secondary objective was to illustrate the long-term validity of a minimally invasive navigation technique through a clinical case with 6-year follow-up. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Clinical studies published between 2005 and 2025 reporting outcomes of implant-retained auricular prostheses were searched in PubMed and Scopus databases. Data were extracted on implant type, survival rates, prosthetic performance, workflow, and complications. Risk of bias was assessed using appropriate tools based on each study design. Results: A total of thirty-two studies were included, comprising fifteen case reports, fifteen case series, one cohort study, and one prospective observational study. Implant survival was consistently high across all workflow categories, with failures predominantly associated with irradiated or anatomically compromised bone. Prosthetic outcomes were favorable, showing excellent esthetics, stable retention, and high patient satisfaction irrespective of manufacturing method, although digital and navigation-assisted workflows improved reproducibility, symmetry, and planning precision. Complication rates were low and generally limited to mild peri-abutment inflammation manageable with conservative care. The clinical case confirmed these findings, showing stable osseointegration, healthy soft tissues, and uncompromised prosthetic function at 6-year follow-up. Conclusions: Implant-retained auricular prostheses show predictable long-term success, independent of whether traditional, hybrid, or fully digital workflows are employed. Digital technologies enhance surgical accuracy, minimize morbidity, and streamline prosthetic fabrication, although high-quality comparative studies remain limited.

Objective: This narrative review critically assesses the clinical relevance of pharmacogenomics within dental genomics, distinguishing clinically actionable applications from emerging or investigational findings. Materials and Methods: A targeted literature review was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Embase for publications from January 2000 to March 2026. The search focused on gene–drug interactions involving medications commonly prescribed or clinically relevant in dental care, including analgesics, NSAIDs, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, antibiotics and local anaesthetics. Relevant guidelines, landmark studies and key reviews were also considered. Results: Most genomic findings related to oral diseases provide biological insights but limited routine clinical utility. Conversely, selected pharmacogenomic determinants show clearer applicability. CYP2D6 variability is the most robust example, influencing codeine and tramadol efficacy and toxicity. CYP2C9 variants may affect NSAID safety, while CYP2C19, VKORC1 and CYP2C9 are relevant in patients receiving antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. Other determinants, including SCN9A, CYP3A4/5 and ABCB1, remain investigational. Drug–drug interactions and phenoconversion further influence real‐world responses. Conclusion: Pharmacogenomics currently represents the most actionable area of dental genomics. Current evidence supports selective, scenario‐based integration, particularly in pain management, adverse drug reactions, polypharmacy and medically complex patients.