The effectiveness of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is investigated as an inhibitor against a 0.5 M H ₂ SO ₄ solution on mild steel (MS). The method was conducted for the calculation of critical micelle concentration (CMC) calculation, weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization. The SDS-coated steel samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy to understand the surface morphologies after exposure to the CMC of SDS solution. Conductivity measurements were performed to determine the CMC of the SDS solution. It appears that SDS is a perfect inhibitor of MS corrosion, as the weight loss measurement result found an inhibition efficiency of SDS of approximately 98.37% in 0.5 M H ₂ SO ₄ solution. We also found, from the Tafel plot, a corrosion current of 0.98 × 10 ⁻³ A cm ⁻² at CMC (0.0077 M), when MS was dipped for 9 h in 0.5 M H ₂ SO ₄ . SDS enhances the corrosion resistance of MS in acidic environments and its potential implications for industrial applications. It varies with SDS concentrations, which is attributed to the development of a protective Fe ²⁺ –SDS complex on the MS surface.

Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a potential cationic surfactant with cleansing and antimicrobial properties. Apart from its use as an emulsifying and cleansing agent, it is used in cosmetics, industrial processes, pharmaceuticals, food additives, etc. In the present study, the purity of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) was determined using FE-SEM and EDX methods. The FE-SEM test showed CPC sizes from 46.35μm to 77.76μm. The result and analysis of EDX depicted the purity of the sample. The percentage of elements present in cetylpyridinium chloride has been explained by EDX data. The percentages of C, N, and Cl were found to be 87.4, 5.4, and 7.2 percent respectively by weight.

Corrosion is the spontaneous chemical or electrochemical reaction of metal with its surrounding environment. There have been ongoing worries about how corrosion affects the strength and stability of metal surfaces. Chemical corrosion inhibitors are often used in manufacturing and processing activities to prevent the deterioration of materials. Surfactants are a highly affordable, readily available, and environmentally friendly choice for corrosion inhibitors. This article outlines surfactants' capacity to prevent corrosion on various metal surfaces. The properties of multiple surfactants and their possible applications for corrosion inhibitors have also been discussed. This review article also explores additional factors, such as how varying levels of surfactants contribute to the mechanisms behind corrosion inhibition.

In the present study, the assessment of the water quality of tap water from the spring source, hand pump, and well water from Kirtipur, Siraha, and Kathmandu, respectively, was carried out by determining the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of water samples. Three water samples, one from each source, were collected and analyzed using the standard method of APHA 2017. The different water quality parameters, such as temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Hardness (TH), turbidity, iron, ammonia, aluminum, arsenic, and major anions such as Nitrate (NO3-), Chloride (Cl-), Sulphate (SO4 2-), Fluoride (F-) as well as microbial parameter were determined. The physicochemical parameters of the water samples were within the permissible limits of the NDWQS standard. The pH of the studied water samples was slightly basic in nature, ranging from 7.3 to 7.7. In comparison with tap water and hand pump, well water sample from Kathmandu was with high EC, turbidity, TH, Cl-, iron, ammonia, NO3-, SO4 2- and arsenic (As) with value 1167 µs/cm, 1.5 mg/L, 422 mg/L, 135.6 mg/L, 0.11 mg/L, 1.2 mg/L, 17.7 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. The prevalence of the anions in the water samples was in the order Cl- > NO3- > SO4 2- > F-. The water from the hand pump and well was free from microbial contamination. However, E coli was detected in tap water from Kirtipur, exceeding the NDWQS limit, which indicates the potential risk to public health on direct consumption of water. Regular and strict monitoring of water sources and public awareness on water pollution are highly encouraged.