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Aflatoxin food contamination represents a rising global issue that will continue to increase due to climate change. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is of high concern for the whole dairy industry. In light of AFM1′s harmful potential, a human health exposure assessment and risk characterization were performed for all age populations of central Italy with regard to milk and cheese consumption by means of the margin of exposure (MOE). In total, 16,934 cow and ewe’s milk samples were collected from 2014 to 2020 and analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening method, confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The average concentration of AFM1 in cow’s milk ranged from 0.009 to 0.015 µg/kg, while in ewe’s milk, the average concentration ranged from 0.009 to 0.013 µg/kg. The average amount of AFM1 exposure ranged from 0.00005 to 0.00195 g/kg bw/day, with the main contributor represented by drinking milk, followed by the consumption of soft cheeses. A high level of public health concern related to the youngest consumers has arisen from risk characterizations highlighting the need for constant monitoring of AFM1′s occurrence in milk by inspection authorities, alongside regular updates with regard to exposure assessments.
Rossana Roila; Raffaella Branciari; Emanuela Verdini; David Ranucci; Andrea Valiani; Alessandro Pelliccia; Laura Fioroni; Ivan Pecorelli. A Study of the Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Supply Chain over a Seven-Year Period (2014–2020): Human Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization in the Population of Central Italy. Foods 2021, 10, 1529 .
AMA StyleRossana Roila, Raffaella Branciari, Emanuela Verdini, David Ranucci, Andrea Valiani, Alessandro Pelliccia, Laura Fioroni, Ivan Pecorelli. A Study of the Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Supply Chain over a Seven-Year Period (2014–2020): Human Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization in the Population of Central Italy. Foods. 2021; 10 (7):1529.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRossana Roila; Raffaella Branciari; Emanuela Verdini; David Ranucci; Andrea Valiani; Alessandro Pelliccia; Laura Fioroni; Ivan Pecorelli. 2021. "A Study of the Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Supply Chain over a Seven-Year Period (2014–2020): Human Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization in the Population of Central Italy." Foods 10, no. 7: 1529.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a secondary metabolite produced by some Aspergillus spp. fungi affecting many crops and feed materials. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), the 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFB1, is the main AFB1-related compound present in milk, and it is categorized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a “group 1 human carcinogen”. The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the analytical performances of two commercial immunoassays widely applied for the detection of AFM1 in milk, namely strip test immunoassay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Assay validation included samples at AFM1 levels of 25, 50, 75 ng/kg and blank samples (AFM1 < 0.5 ng/kg). With respect to a screening target concentration (STC) of 50 ng/kg the two assays showed cut-off values of 37.7 ng/kg and 47.5 ng/kg for strip test and ELISA, respectively, a false suspect rate for blanks
Ivan Pecorelli; Natascia Guarducci; Cristoph Von Holst; Rita Bibi; Michelangelo Pascale; Biancamaria Ciasca; Antonio F. Logrieco; Veronica M. T. Lattanzio. Critical Comparison of Analytical Performances of Two Immunoassay Methods for Rapid Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk. Toxins 2020, 12, 270 .
AMA StyleIvan Pecorelli, Natascia Guarducci, Cristoph Von Holst, Rita Bibi, Michelangelo Pascale, Biancamaria Ciasca, Antonio F. Logrieco, Veronica M. T. Lattanzio. Critical Comparison of Analytical Performances of Two Immunoassay Methods for Rapid Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk. Toxins. 2020; 12 (4):270.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvan Pecorelli; Natascia Guarducci; Cristoph Von Holst; Rita Bibi; Michelangelo Pascale; Biancamaria Ciasca; Antonio F. Logrieco; Veronica M. T. Lattanzio. 2020. "Critical Comparison of Analytical Performances of Two Immunoassay Methods for Rapid Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk." Toxins 12, no. 4: 270.
The aim of our study was to describe the balance between health benefits and risks associated with the consumption of crawfish and nine fish species from lake Trasimeno. We thus determined both fatty acid profiles (particularly, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids) and chemical pollutants (some polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, and heavy metals) in fish muscle tissues. The contents of all fatty acids varied significantly among species. Sand smelt, carp, and tench, which have a high fat content, contained considerable amounts of EPA and DHA; lean fish, like perch, pike, and largemouth bass, which have relatively high percentages of the predominant n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, showed lower amounts of these fatty acids because of their low lipid contents. Some species contributed strongly to the Dietary Reference Intake (RDI) of EPA and DHA. The contribution of lean fish to the RDI of EPA and DHA was more limited. The concentrations of all contaminants in fish muscle tissues were lower than the regulatory limits, demonstrating the safety of the environmental conditions of the lake. The contribution to health-based reference values and benefit–risk quotients indicated that the health benefits of consumption of fish from lake Trasimeno outweigh the potential risks.
Raffaella Branciari; Raffaella Franceschini; Rossana Roila; Andrea Valiani; Ivan Pecorelli; Arianna Piersanti; Naceur Haouet; Marisa Framboas; David Ranucci. Nutritional Value and Contaminant Risk Assessment of Some Commercially Important Fishes and Crawfish of Lake Trasimeno, Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2545 .
AMA StyleRaffaella Branciari, Raffaella Franceschini, Rossana Roila, Andrea Valiani, Ivan Pecorelli, Arianna Piersanti, Naceur Haouet, Marisa Framboas, David Ranucci. Nutritional Value and Contaminant Risk Assessment of Some Commercially Important Fishes and Crawfish of Lake Trasimeno, Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (7):2545.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaffaella Branciari; Raffaella Franceschini; Rossana Roila; Andrea Valiani; Ivan Pecorelli; Arianna Piersanti; Naceur Haouet; Marisa Framboas; David Ranucci. 2020. "Nutritional Value and Contaminant Risk Assessment of Some Commercially Important Fishes and Crawfish of Lake Trasimeno, Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2545.
Occurring central Italy, 262 unmedicated feed samples and 353 samples of animal tissues and eggs are tested for coccidiostats between 2012 and 2017. A validated multi-residue HPLC-MS/MS method is applied for the simultaneous determination of the 11 coccidiostats licensed in the EU. The dietary exposure to coccidiostats through poultry meat and eggs is calculated for high consumers, and the contribution to acceptable daily intake of coccidiostats is evaluated. The occurrence of positive feed samples ranges from 17.2% in 2012 to 28.3% in 2017, with an average percentage of positive samples of 25%, while 3.8% of feed samples are non-compliant with a concentration ranging from 0.015 mg/kg for diclazuril to 56 mg/kg for narasin. Positive samples of animal tissues, on average, are 34.7%, fully compliant, while 16% of eggs are positive and violative residues are found in 2%. These noncompliant samples show a concentration varying from 2.4 µg/kg to 1002 µg/kg. The contribution of poultry meat and egg consumption to the acceptable daily intake of each coccidiostat is below 1%, highlighting a low direct risk to public health.
Rossana Roila; Raffaella Branciari; Ivan Pecorelli; Elisa Cristofani; Cristiano Carloni; David Ranucci; Laura Fioroni. Occurrence and Residue Concentration of Coccidiostats in Feed and Food of Animal Origin; Human Exposure Assessment. Foods 2019, 8, 477 .
AMA StyleRossana Roila, Raffaella Branciari, Ivan Pecorelli, Elisa Cristofani, Cristiano Carloni, David Ranucci, Laura Fioroni. Occurrence and Residue Concentration of Coccidiostats in Feed and Food of Animal Origin; Human Exposure Assessment. Foods. 2019; 8 (10):477.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRossana Roila; Raffaella Branciari; Ivan Pecorelli; Elisa Cristofani; Cristiano Carloni; David Ranucci; Laura Fioroni. 2019. "Occurrence and Residue Concentration of Coccidiostats in Feed and Food of Animal Origin; Human Exposure Assessment." Foods 8, no. 10: 477.
MycoKey, an EU-funded Horizon 2020 project, includes a series of “Roundtable Discussions” to gather information on trending research areas in the field of mycotoxicology. This paper includes summaries of the Roundtable Discussions on Chemical Detection and Monitoring of mycotoxins and on the role of genetics and biodiversity in mycotoxin production. Discussions were managed by using the nominal group discussion technique, which generates numerous ideas and provides a ranking for those identified as the most important. Four questions were posed for each research area, as well as two questions that were common to both discussions. Test kits, usually antibody based, were one major focus of the discussions at the Chemical Detection and Monitoring roundtable because of their many favorable features, e.g., cost, speed and ease of use. The second area of focus for this roundtable was multi-mycotoxin detection protocols and the challenges still to be met to enable these protocols to become methods of choice for regulated mycotoxins. For the genetic and biodiversity group, both the depth and the breadth of trending research areas were notable. For some areas, e.g., microbiome studies, the suggested research questions were primarily of a descriptive nature. In other areas, multiple experimental approaches, e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, RNAi and gene deletions, are needed to understand the regulation of toxin production and mechanisms underlying successful biological controls. Answers to the research questions will provide starting points for developing acceptable prevention and remediation processes. Forging a partnership between scientists and appropriately-placed communications experts was recognized by both groups as an essential step to communicating risks, while retaining overall confidence in the safety of the food supply and the integrity of the food production chain.
John F. Leslie; Veronica Lattanzio; Kris Audenaert; Paola Battilani; Jeffrey Cary; Sofía N. Chulze; Sarah De Saeger; Annamaria Gerardino; Petr Karlovsky; Yu-Cai Liao; Chris M. Maragos; Giuseppe Meca; Angel Medina; Antonio Moretti; Gary Munkvold; Giuseppina Mulè; Patrick Njobeh; Ivan Pecorelli; Giancarlo Perrone; Amedeo Pietri; Juan M. Palazzini; Robert H. Proctor; Endang S. Rahayu; Maria L. Ramírez; Robert Samson; Jörg Stroka; Michael Sulyok; Mark Sumarah; Cees Waalwijk; Qi Zhang; Hao Zhang; Antonio F. Logrieco. MycoKey Round Table Discussions of Future Directions in Research on Chemical Detection Methods, Genetics and Biodiversity of Mycotoxins. Toxins 2018, 10, 109 .
AMA StyleJohn F. Leslie, Veronica Lattanzio, Kris Audenaert, Paola Battilani, Jeffrey Cary, Sofía N. Chulze, Sarah De Saeger, Annamaria Gerardino, Petr Karlovsky, Yu-Cai Liao, Chris M. Maragos, Giuseppe Meca, Angel Medina, Antonio Moretti, Gary Munkvold, Giuseppina Mulè, Patrick Njobeh, Ivan Pecorelli, Giancarlo Perrone, Amedeo Pietri, Juan M. Palazzini, Robert H. Proctor, Endang S. Rahayu, Maria L. Ramírez, Robert Samson, Jörg Stroka, Michael Sulyok, Mark Sumarah, Cees Waalwijk, Qi Zhang, Hao Zhang, Antonio F. Logrieco. MycoKey Round Table Discussions of Future Directions in Research on Chemical Detection Methods, Genetics and Biodiversity of Mycotoxins. Toxins. 2018; 10 (3):109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn F. Leslie; Veronica Lattanzio; Kris Audenaert; Paola Battilani; Jeffrey Cary; Sofía N. Chulze; Sarah De Saeger; Annamaria Gerardino; Petr Karlovsky; Yu-Cai Liao; Chris M. Maragos; Giuseppe Meca; Angel Medina; Antonio Moretti; Gary Munkvold; Giuseppina Mulè; Patrick Njobeh; Ivan Pecorelli; Giancarlo Perrone; Amedeo Pietri; Juan M. Palazzini; Robert H. Proctor; Endang S. Rahayu; Maria L. Ramírez; Robert Samson; Jörg Stroka; Michael Sulyok; Mark Sumarah; Cees Waalwijk; Qi Zhang; Hao Zhang; Antonio F. Logrieco. 2018. "MycoKey Round Table Discussions of Future Directions in Research on Chemical Detection Methods, Genetics and Biodiversity of Mycotoxins." Toxins 10, no. 3: 109.
The objective of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Ochratoxin α (OTα) in poultry tissues and eggs. The two toxins were extracted by a mixture of acetonitrile/water, purified with a reversed phase C18 solid phase extraction column (SPE) and determined by LC-MS/MS. The LC-MS/MS method performances were evaluated in terms of linearity in solvent and in matrix (ranged from 0.5 to 15.10 µg L−1 for OTA and from 0.60 to 17.85 µg L−1 for OTα), limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), specificity, accuracy and precision in repeatability conditions. Recovery experiments were performed by spiking poultry liver, kidney, muscle and eggs around 1 µg kg−1 and 10 µg kg−1. LODs were 0.27 and 0.26 µg kg−1 while LOQs were fixed at 1.0 and 1.2 µg kg−1 for OTA and OTα, respectively. Main recoveries for OTA ranged from 82 to 109% and for OTα ranged from 55 to 89%. The values of within-laboratory relative standard deviation (RSDr) were equal to or below 20%. Considering the results obtained and that all analytical performance criteria were fulfilled, the new extraction and purification method developed for OTA and OTα determination in animal tissues and eggs was found appropriate for control laboratories and research activities designed to ensure food safety.
Angela Paoloni; Michele Solfrizzo; Rita Bibi; Ivan Pecorelli. Development and validation of LC-MS/MS method for the determination of Ochratoxin A and its metabolite Ochratoxin α in poultry tissues and eggs. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2018, 53, 327 -333.
AMA StyleAngela Paoloni, Michele Solfrizzo, Rita Bibi, Ivan Pecorelli. Development and validation of LC-MS/MS method for the determination of Ochratoxin A and its metabolite Ochratoxin α in poultry tissues and eggs. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2018; 53 (5):327-333.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngela Paoloni; Michele Solfrizzo; Rita Bibi; Ivan Pecorelli. 2018. "Development and validation of LC-MS/MS method for the determination of Ochratoxin A and its metabolite Ochratoxin α in poultry tissues and eggs." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 53, no. 5: 327-333.
A simple and straightforward method for simultaneous determination of residues of 13 pesticides in honey samples (acrinathrin, bifenthrin, bromopropylate, cyhalothrin-lambda, cypermethrin, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, deltamethrin, fluvalinate-tau, malathion, permethrin and tetradifon) from different pesticide classes has been developed and validated. The analytical method provides dissolution of honey in water and an extraction of pesticide residues by n-Hexane followed by clean-up on a Florisil SPE column. The extract was evaporated and taken up by a solution of an injection internal standard (I-IS), ethion, and finally analyzed by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-µECD). Identification for qualitative purpose was conducted by gas chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). A matrix-matched calibration curve was performed for quantitative purposes by plotting the area ratio (analyte/I-IS) against concentration using a GC-µECD instrument. According to document No. SANCO/12571/2013, the method was validated by testing the following parameters: linearity, matrix effect, specificity, precision, trueness (bias) and measurement uncertainty. The analytical process was validated analyzing blank honey samples spiked at levels equal to and greater than 0.010 mg/kg (limit of quantification). All parameters were satisfactorily compared with the values established by document No. SANCO/12571/2013. The analytical performance was verified by participating in eight multi-residue proficiency tests organized by BIPEA, obtaining satisfactory z-scores in all 70 determinations. Measurement uncertainty was estimated according to the top-down approaches described in Appendix C of the SANCO document using the within-laboratory reproducibility relative standard deviation combined with laboratory bias using the proficiency test data.
Angela Paoloni; Sabrina Alunni; Alessandro Pelliccia; Ivan Pecorelli. Rapid determination of residues of pesticides in honey by µGC-ECD and GC-MS/MS: Method validation and estimation of measurement uncertainty according to document No. SANCO/12571/2013. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2015, 51, 133 -142.
AMA StyleAngela Paoloni, Sabrina Alunni, Alessandro Pelliccia, Ivan Pecorelli. Rapid determination of residues of pesticides in honey by µGC-ECD and GC-MS/MS: Method validation and estimation of measurement uncertainty according to document No. SANCO/12571/2013. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2015; 51 (3):133-142.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngela Paoloni; Sabrina Alunni; Alessandro Pelliccia; Ivan Pecorelli. 2015. "Rapid determination of residues of pesticides in honey by µGC-ECD and GC-MS/MS: Method validation and estimation of measurement uncertainty according to document No. SANCO/12571/2013." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 51, no. 3: 133-142.