Tumor microvascular responses may provide a sensitive readout indicative of radiation therapy efficacy, its time course and dose dependencies. However, direct high-resolution observation and longitudinal monitoring of large-scale microvascular remodeling in deep tissues remained challenging with the conventional microscopy approaches.

It has been found that hydrolysis of three-functional alkoxysilanes, such as R^FOCH₂Si(OR^F)₃, R^F = CH₂CF₃, CH₂CF₂CF₃, CH₂CF₂CF₂CF₃, and CH₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₃, under mild conditions upon exposure to air moisture in the presence of λ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane results in the formation of hydrophobic coatings from fluorine-containing polyorganosilsesquioxanes directly on the substrate. Polymers have a layered ladder structure. The hydrophobicity and low values of refractive indices, surface energy, and its polar component, as well as the simplicity of the preparation, determine the possibility of using polyorganosilsesquioxane films as antireflection protective coatings for laser optics.

Modern radiotherapy utilizes a broad range of sources of ionizing radiation, both low-dose-rate (LDR) and high-dose-rate (HDR). However, the mechanisms underlying specific dose-rate effects remain unclear, especially for corpuscular radiation. To address this issue, we have irradiated human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells under LDR and HDR regimes. Reducing the dose rate has lower lethality at equal doses with HDR irradiation. The half-lethal dose after HDR irradiation was three times less than after LDR irradiation. The study of mechanisms showed that under HDR irradiation, the radiation-induced halt of mitosis with the accompanying emergence of giant cells was recorded. No such changes were recorded after LDR irradiation. The level of DNA damage is significantly greater after HDR irradiation, which may be the main reason for the different mechanisms of action of HDR and LDR irradiations. Comparing the mechanisms of cell response to LDR and HDR irradiations may shed light on the mechanisms of tumor cell response to ionizing radiation and answer the question of whether different dose rates within the same dose range can cause different clinical effects.

During the clinical use of photobiomodulation (PBM) to manage radiotherapy-induced side effects, tumor tissue may be exposed to low-intensity laser light. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate potential unintended PBM stimulation of tumor cells when PBM combines with ionizing radiation (IR). We investigated the effects of PBM (0.3 J/cm²) on the cell cycle, mitochondrial potential, and cell death of HeLa Kyoto cells, comparing pre-irradiation (PBM→IR) and post-irradiation (IR→PBM) exposure to 2 Gy, 4 Gy, and 6 Gy of ionizing radiation. PBM prior to IR induced the radiation-induced arrest in the G₂/M phase of the cell cycle. PBM after IR resulted in a partial release of cells from the radiation-induced arrest in the G₀/G₁ phase, along with a decrease in the number of apoptotic cells and cells with depolarized mitochondrial membranes compared to samples treated with IR only. These findings provide a basis for further research into PBM timing to improve radiotherapy outcomes.

To solve a number of problems, such as space biology, plant behavior in contaminated areas, and the selection of optimal conditions for agricultural radiobiology, it is necessary to understand how ...

Introduction. Despite the advancements in science and technology, results of antitumor treatment of recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma (rOSCC) remain unsatisfactory: patient survival is very low. In cases of recurrent disease, single-step glossectomy, subtotal segmental mandibulectomy and laryngectomy are feasible. Aim. To analyze the results of combination surgical treatment of rOSCC using glossectomy, subtotal segmental mandibulectomy and laryngectomy after previous unsuccessful antitumor treatment to improve outcomes of treatment of recurrences and continued growth of locally advanced cancer. Materials and methods. Single-center prospective study was conducted. It included patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa and larynx with indications for antitumor treatment using multicomponent surgical intervention in the framework of comprehensive treatment. The case of the treatment of recurrent laryngeal cancer served as a prototype for the development of techniques for simultaneous glosectomy, segmental resection of the mandible and laryngectomy. Two patients had malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa: in one case, stage рT3N0M0 III tongue cancer, condition after hemiglossectomy, level I–II–III cervical lymph node dissection and radiotherapy; in the other case, stage рT3N0M0 III rOSCC after radiation therapy. Results. During surgery, skin resection was performed above the tumor component of the submandibular area due to signs of derma invasion and danger of penetrating growth with intradermal dissemination caused by postradiation edema. For defect reconstruction, in 1 patient with laryngeal cancer and 1 patient with rOSCC, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was used. In 1 case of rOSCC, due to rapid wight loss during radiation therapy, primary reconstruction with pharyngostomy formation with total defect of the tongue, mandible and larynx was not performed. Local purulent and necrotic postoperative complications were observed in all 3 patients. In the first 30 days after the surgery, 1 patient with rOSCC died at the hospital; 30-day mortality after combination surgeries was 33 %. Another patient with rOSCC died 2.5 months after discharge, a little more than 90 days (3.5 months) after the surgery. The patient with laryngeal cancer is currently alive without signs of disease. Conclusion. The surgical interventions described are life-saving surgeries due to exhausted capabilities of radiation therapy, supposed low efficacy of antitumor drug therapy in the presence of a mass of crumbling tissues.