This work concerns structural investigation of water-extractable hemicelluloses from seed husk of Plantago ovata and seeds of Mimosa pudica and Lallemantia royleana. The composition of the materials was determined by CHN elemental analysis, FT-IR spectrometry and monosaccharide analysis. The detailed structural analysis was carried out by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. The absence of nitrogen in the materials suggested that they were free from proteins. The isolated materials were found to be branched hemicelluloses. The mass spectrometric study showed presence of β-1,4-linked xylose with arabinose attached to main chain at β-1,3 positions (Plantago ovata), β-1,4-linked xylose with glucose attached to main chain at β-1,3 positions (Mimosa pudica), and β-1,2-linked rhamnose and β-1,3-linked arabinose units in the main chain with arabinose attached to the main chain through β-1,3-linkage (Lallemantia royleana). Graphical Abstract

A novel series of substituted benzofuran-tethered triazolylcarbazoles was synthesized in good to high yields (65–89%) via S-alkylation of benzofuran-based triazoles with 2-bromo-N-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)acetamide. The inhibitory potency of the synthesized compounds against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated by enacting molecular docking against its three pivotal proteins, namely, M^pro (main protease; PDB ID: 6LU7), the spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6WPT), and RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; PDB ID: 6M71). The docking results indicated strong binding affinities between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and the synthesized compounds, which were thereby expected to obstruct the function of SARS proteins. Among the synthesized derivatives, the compounds 9e, 9h, 9i, and 9j exposited the best binding scores of −8.77, −8.76, −8.87, and −8.85 Kcal/mol against M^pro, respectively, −6.69, −6.54, −6.44, and −6.56 Kcal/mol against the spike glycoprotein, respectively, and −7.61, −8.10, −8.01, and −7.54 Kcal/mol against RdRp, respectively. Furthermore, the binding scores of 9b (−8.83 Kcal/mol) and 9c (−8.92 Kcal/mol) against 6LU7 are worth mentioning. Regarding the spike glycoprotein, 9b, 9d, and 9f expressed high binding energies of −6.43, −6.38, and −6.41 Kcal/mol, accordingly. Correspondingly, the binding affinity of 9g (−7.62 Kcal/mol) against RdRp is also noteworthy. Furthermore, the potent compounds were also subjected to ADMET analysis to evaluate their pharmacokinetic properties, suggesting that the compounds 9e, 9h, 9i, and 9j exhibited comparable values. These potent compounds may be selected as inhibitory agents and provide a pertinent context for further investigations.

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Objective: This study is aimed at evaluating the release‐extending, film‐coating, suspending, and thickening properties of various food‐derived hemicelluloses, as natural alternatives to synthetic excipients for use in pharmaceutical tablets and suspensions. Background: Hemicelluloses are partially digestible biopolymers with superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sustainability compared to synthetic and cellulose‐based semisynthetic materials. This study focused on the evaluation of potential application of hemicelluloses as environmentally friendly, highly biocompatible pharmaceutical excipients. Methods: The hemicelluloses were isolated from Acacia nilotica ( AN ), Lallemantia royleana ( LR ) seeds, Plantago ovata husk ( POh ), Plantago ovata seeds ( POs ), Ocimum basilicum ( OB ) seeds, Salvia plebian ( SP ) seeds, Astragalus tragacantha ( AT ), Mimosa pudica ( MP ) seeds, Acacia modesta ( AM ), and Cydonia oblonga ( CO ). Acetaminophen was used as a model drug. Tablets were prepared via wet granulation and direct compression, and various parameters, including flow, hardness, film‐coating strength, and drug release characteristics, were evaluated. Rheology and sedimentation volume were determined for suspensions. Results: The granules for tablets exhibited good flow properties, and the matrix tablets prepared through wet granulation and direct compression exhibited hardness in the range of 2–7 kg cm ⁻² , with disintegration times between 1.18 and 25.0 min at pH 6.8. Wet granulated tablets released 45%–92% of acetaminophen in ~7 h, and the film coatings showed a strength of 35–40 kg m s ⁻² . The suspensions demonstrated excellent stability for over 2 months without the need for redispersion, with sedimentation volumes ranging from 90% to 92%, except for those containing AT . The stability trend for suspensions was observed as SP > OB > AN > AM > CO > Poh > POs > LR > MP > AT . Notably, the prepared suspensions were more stable than the standard Calpol. Conclusion: Hemicelluloses from natural sources show potential as effective tablet binders, extended‐release agents, film‐coating materials, and suspending/thickening agents in pharmaceutical formulations. These findings highlight their promise as sustainable and biocompatible alternatives to synthetic/semisynthetic excipients.