The aim of this report is to present a case of a patient, metal foundry worker, who had been exposed to industrial silver salts for over 20 years. It is well established that chronic exposure to silver compounds can cause accumulation of silver deposits in various tissues. This condition is referred to as argyrosis or argyria, whereas changes related to eye tissues are defined as ocular argyrosis.

The aim of this article was to describe the role of ceruloplasmin and to report preliminary results of ceruloplasmin concentrations in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with cataract and in patients with only cataract. Glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease, is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), their axons, progressive optic nerve damage, and visual field deterioration. The POAG group included 30 patients and the cataract group included 25 patients. Ceruloplasmin plays an essential role in iron metabolism and inactivating free radicals. In the presented pilot study, serum ceruloplasmin level was lower in the POAG group in comparison to the group with only cataract. In treating persistent inflammation in the course of glaucoma, antiglaucoma drugs may increase the permeability of the blood-ocular barrier, which may be connected with the lower concentration of serum ceruloplasmin in the glaucoma patients group.

Background/Objectives: This prospective study evaluates the relationship between the ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and photopic negative response (PhNR) in patients with newly diagnosed pituitary macroadenomas over 12 months. Methods: A total of 40 patients (80 eyes) were included, divided into a treatment group of 27 patients (54 eyes), receiving pharmacological and/or surgical intervention, and an observation group of 13 patients (26 eyes), with non-functional pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) that did not require treatment. Results: Key findings indicate a significant improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after 12 months in the treatment group (p = 0.02) and a significant reduction in RNFL thickness in multiple quadrants (p < 0.01). Moreover, PhNR amplitude and W-ratio significantly increased in the treatment group (p < 0.0001). In the observation group, only GCIPL Inferior (p = 0.0470) and PhNR W-ratio (p = 0.0015) showed significant differences. Between-group comparisons showed significant differences in RNFL Nasal quadrant at baseline (p = 0.0017) and after 12 months (p = 0.0150). PhNR amplitude and W-ratio also differed significantly between groups at 12 months (p = 0.0012 and p = 0.0016, respectively). Correlations between OCT and ERG parameters were weak at baseline and diminished over time. Conclusions: These findings suggest that GCIPL, RNFL, and PhNR analyses may be useful for monitoring disease progression and guiding treatment decisions in patients with pituitary macroadenomas.

The eyelid skin represents a unique anatomical and immunological interface between the external environment and the ocular surface. Due to its structural delicacy, dense vascularization, and continuous exposure to microbial and environmental antigens, it is a primary target of inflammatory and autoimmune processes. This review aims to synthesize current molecular insights into eyelid skin inflammation, with particular emphasis on autoimmune mechanisms. We discuss autoimmune diseases such as ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, pemphigus, discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus, and thyroid-associated orbitopathy, focusing on the roles of T helper cell subsets, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α), and autoantibody-mediated complement activation. We further address the contribution of the periocular microbiome and meibomian gland dysfunction. Diagnostic advances, including confocal microscopy, in vivo molecular imaging, and tear proteomics, are highlighted alongside emerging targeted therapies such as biologics and small molecules directed at IL-17, TNF-α, and B-cell activity. Finally, we propose future perspectives for precision medicine approaches, integrating omics technologies and microbiome-based therapies to advance personalized management of eyelid skin inflammation.

Purpose: To determine if significant correlations occur between recorded values for a) annual temperature, b) air pollution levels, and the prevalence of acute ophthalmic inflammation among patients attending an eye emergency department in an urban setting between 2011 and 2023. Patients and Methods: A data bank of cases that attended an eye emergency unit (Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland) between 1/1/2011 and 31/12/2023 was accessed. Cases were classified into inflammatory or noninflammatory ophthalmic groups. The former were then subdivided into subgroups for blepharitis, orbital inflammation, lacrimal system inflammation, conjunctivitis, scleritis, keratitis, uveitis with retinitis, endophthalmitis, and optic neuritis. Data on local temperatures and air pollution levels were obtained from available official publications. Results: Reporting key results (p < 0.05).Total attending the emergency unit increased from 8,172 to 14,261 (8854 during pandemic lockdown in 2020), prevalence of all acute ophthalmic inflammation (y) decreased from 64.70% to 55.40% and prevalence of conjunctivitis within this group decreased from 53.96% to 36.23%.Annual average (±SD) temperature (x, °C) in Silesia increased from 8.33°C (± 9.18°) in 2010 to 10.64°C (± 6.83°C) in 2020 (paired t-test, p = 0.04). Curvi-linear regression revealed, y = 1.915x³-55.624x²+534.09x-1631.2, (n = 10, r²= 0.489).Prevalence of conjunctivitis was directly correlated with atmospheric concentrations of sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and particulate matter in suspended dust with a diameter≤ 10 microns.After factoring all cases of conjunctivitis, a) prevalence of endophthalmitis, uveitis with retinitis, and scleritis were negatively correlated with temperature, b) atmospheric concentrations of certain pollutants were positively correlated with the prevalence of endophthalmitis, uveitis with retinitis, scleritis and keratitis; and negatively correlated with the prevalence of orbital and lacrimal inflammation, blepharitis, and optic neuritis. Conclusion: Air pollutants and temperature are linked to the prevalence of certain acute ophthalmic inflammations. Some correlations are negative suggesting some protection against the development of certain conditions. However, negative correlational effects do not necessarily imply negative causal effects.

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of 0.1% cyclosporine A (CsA) cationic emulsion in managing advanced dry eye disease (DED), based on clinical parameters: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Tear Break-Up Time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) on the Oxford scale, Schirmer test, and intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: This retrospective study included 20 patients (40 eyes) with severe DED unresponsive to previous therapies. All patients continued artificial tears and added 0.1% CsA once daily. Baseline assessments included OSDI, BCVA, TBUT, corneal staining, Schirmer test, and IOP. Follow-ups occurred at 1–3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Data were analyzed for treatment effect and progression over time. Results: The mean age was 53.5 ± 13.5 years; 80% were female. BCVA showed no significant changes. OSDI scores improved from severe (>53) to moderate (approximately 35). Schirmer test increased from ~6.2 mm to >10 mm (p < 0.001). TBUT improved from approximately 6 to 10 s (p < 0.001), with significant differences after 6 months. CFS scores decreased from 3.4 to 2.05 (p < 0.001), indicating reduced corneal damage. IOP remained stable throughout the study period. Conclusions: Long-term use of 0.1% cyclosporine A cationic emulsion led to marked and sustained improvement in both subjective symptoms and objective ocular surface parameters in severe dry eye disease. The therapy was safe, well tolerated, and did not affect visual acuity or intraocular pressure, supporting its value as a long-term treatment option.