In order to achieve the objective of the work—an experimental study of the capabilities of the acoustic method for extinguishing organic compounds and for ensuring environmental monitoring—the effect of the combustion of various polymers on the acoustic parameters of the medium is considered. The negative effect of the combustion of organic substances on the medium is noted. The features of the use of fire extinguishing agents are analyzed, and it is noted that the acoustic method is a promising, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly approach for use in extinguishing fires. The ideas about the capabilities of this method using the combustion of various polymers were further developed, which is the novelty of the work. As the main results, it is proposed to use the angle of incidence, concentration of suspended particles, temperature, and wave resistance of the environment as special correction factors for acoustic sensors when monitoring in a smoky space. The possibility of using the combustion parameters of organic compounds to determine the properties of acoustic waves in a smoke-filled area is shown. The perspective of implementing the results obtained in the practice of fire prevention and liquidation was observed to increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing and increase the safety of the population and personnel of special services. The proposed approach can become part of the ecological and economic innovations of municipal communities and national strategies to achieve the goals of sustainable development.
31 August 2023 in Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies
The way to solve the problem of correcting technological indicators, in particular porosity and moisture content, in extruded protein-fat systems based on soybean, rapeseed, hemp meal, and corn grits is considered. The peculiarity of the work is the substantiation of the rational ratio of the content of moisture and lipids in the raw components of the extrudate, which is an important aspect of rationalizing the composition and improving the texture of innovative extruded products based on the specified raw materials. The object of the research is technological indicators, in particular the porosity and moisture content of the extruded protein-fat system, depending on the moisture and lipid content in the raw components. A rational ratio of moisture content (10.5...12.5 %) and lipids (3.5...5.0 %) in the raw material for the extruded protein-fat system was determined. The use of refined palm olein as an oil product resistant to oxidative deterioration, which should be added to raw components in order to correct the technological properties of the finished product, is substantiated. The developed protein-fat system of reasonable composition has an advantage over a commercial similar product in terms of crude protein content (29.0 % vs. 8.2 %), porosity (130.0 % vs. 105.0 %) and cost ($ 916/t vs. $ 2,798/t). The obtained data are explained by the fact that a complex of components was used, some of which are production waste, with reasonable moisture and lipid content, which improved the technological characteristics of the extrudate. An applied aspect of using this scientific result is the possibility of rationalizing the extrusion process of oilseed meal to achieve the desired texture, porosity and stability of the lipid component of the product
Експериментально визначені поправочні значення відстані до перешкоди в залежності від акустичного імпедансу середовища для акустичного пристрою спорядження рятуваль-ника. Результати вимірювань було отримано за допомогою розробленої експериментальної установки, яка враховувала, у реальному часі, зміни акустичного імпедансу та температуру середовища за допомогою двоканального вимірювача температури та датчика оптичного проникнення середовища. Температура середовища (у замкнутому просторі) змінювалась від 20 °С до 60 °С, а показник оптичного проникнення від 0 до 100 %, де 100 % відповідає повній оптичній непроникності середовища. Отримано залежності розповсюдження акусти-чних хвиль при зміні показника оптичної проникності середовища та температури. Попра-вочне значення для відстані до перешкоди, що розраховується акустичним пристроєм на дистанції 1000 мм становило (+0,013 м). Відносна похибка при проведенні вимірювань не перевищувала 2 %. Встановлено, що при зростанні хвильового імпедансу показники відста-ні до перешкоди зменшуються, тому коригуюча залежність має додатне значення. Отримані результати дозволяють підвищити достовірність показань акустичного пристрою, як додат-кового спорядження рятувальника. Отримані, в результаті експерименту, дані дозволяють детальніше відображати форму перешкоди. Апроксимуючі поліноми коефіцієнта відобра-ження акустичних хвиль залежності об’ємного вмісту включень при кутах падіння від 0° до 30° визначено. Використання отриманих поліномів дозволяє підвищити швидкодію програ-много коду керуючого мікроконтролеру акустичного пристрою. Отримані залежності вра-ховано у розрахунковому алгоритмі програмного коду мікроконтролеру акустичного при-строю визначення форми та відстані до перешкоди, що дозволяє підвищити ефективність орієнтування рятувальника в умовах незадовільного візуального контролю при виконання аварійно-рятувальних робіт.
29 November 2023 in Problems of Emergency Situations
Experimentally determined correction values of the distance to the obstacle depending on the acoustic impedance of the environment for the acoustic device of the rescuer's equipment. The measurement results were obtained using the developed experimental setup, which took into account, in real time, changes in acoustic impedance and temperature of the environment using a two-channel temperature meter and an optical penetration sensor of the environment. The temperature of the environment (in the confined space) varied from 20 C to 60 C, and the optical penetration index from 0 to 100 %, where 100 % corresponds to complete optical opacity of the environment. Dependencies of the propagation of acoustic waves upon changing the optical permeability of the medium and temperature were obtained. The correction value for the distance to the obstacle calculated by the acoustic device at a distance of 1000 mm was (+0,013 m). The relative error during the measurements did not exceed 2 %. It was found that when the wave impedance increases, the indicators of the distance to the obstacle decrease, so the corrective dependence has a positive value. The obtained results make it possible to increase the reliability of the readings of the acoustic device as an additional equipment of the rescuer. The data obtained as a result of the experiment make it possible to display the shape of the obstacle in more detail. Approximating polynomials of the reflection coefficient of acoustic waves depending on the volume content of inclusions at angles of incidence from 0 °С to 30 °С have been determined. The use of the obtained polynomials allows to increase the speed of the program code of the control microcontroller of the acoustic device. The obtained dependencies are taken into account in the calculation algorithm of the program code of the microcontroller of the acoustic device for determining the shape and distance to the obstacle, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the rescuer's orientation in conditions of unsatisfactory visual control during emergency rescue operations.