In this research we evaluated the use of recycled fine mortar aggregate (RFMA) as a fine aggregate for new masonry mortar creation. The pre-wetting effect on the aggregate before creating the mixture was analyzed as a method to reduce its absorption potential. A control mixture of conventional mortar and two groups of recycled mortars were designed with a partial replacement of natural sand by RFMA (pre-wetted and not pre-wetted) performed in different proportions. The results established that the pre-wetting process allows a reduction in the amount of water required during the creation of new mixtures, regulating the water/cement (W/C) ratio and improving the properties of recycled mortars such as air content, fresh and hardened densities, and compressive and adhesive strength for all substitution levels. Mortar made with a 20% substitution and pre-wetted until it was at 67% of its absorption capacity displayed adhesive values higher than the ones shown by the reference mortar. The pre-wetting process proves to be an easy performance technique; it is inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and the most valuable fact is that specialized equipment is not necessarily needed. This process is the most profitable option for improving RFMA exploitation and reuse.

In this research, the use of the pre-wetting technique is proposed as an ecological alternative to reduce water absorption in waste oyster shells used in the production of masonry mortar as a partial substitute for natural sand. An experimental study was conducted to assess the properties in both the fresh and hardened states of masonry mortars. Two mortar groups were prepared based on a control mixture, with natural aggregate replaced by crushed oyster shell (COS) in varying proportions. In one group, the COS was pre-wetted, while in the other group, the COS was used at its natural moisture content. The experimental results demonstrated that the pre-wetting process aided in reducing the water–cement ratio (w/c) in the mortar mixture, thereby improving its properties. In both mortar groups, favorable results were observed with respect to capillary water absorption. Although the compressive strength was affected by the incorporation of COS, pre-wetted mortars with substitutions of up to 30% achieved the reference value established in this research. The pre-wetting process proves to be a straightforward and cost-effective technique; it is environmentally friendly and will contribute to decreasing the accumulation of COS in landfills, thereby safeguarding natural material reserves.

This study presents the development of hybrid masonry mortars by incorporating two waste materials: recycled plastic strips from disposable face masks (FM) as mechanical reinforcement and calcined oyster shell powder (OSP) as a filler. The objective was to evaluate the combined effect of FM and OSP on the mechanical behavior of mortars. Three types of mixes were prepared: a reference mix, a mix with 5% OSP (by cement weight), and mixes with 5% OSP reinforced with FM strips. FM strips were incorporated at three different lengths, dividing the FM-reinforced group into three subgroups (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 0.8%). The results showed an approximately 10% increase in compressive strength with the addition of 5% OSP compared to the control mortar, as well as an improvement in bond strength of about 21%. Furthermore, an optimum content of 0.2% of 6 mm strips allowed for adequate dispersion and maintained indirect tensile strengths similar to the control + OSP. OSP acted as a reactive filler, increasing compressive strength and improving both density and adhesion. However, higher FM contents or longer strips increased porosity and water absorption, while reducing strength. This combination represents an innovative strategy for valorizing post-pandemic and marine waste.

The knowledge of ancestral peoples is retaken as an important knowledge in their relationship with nature and to face climate change; culture that must be confirmed by science. To give the reason for the mentioned knowledge, when using channel lattices for their plots, it is necessary to model them using flow equations. Applying the equations of shallow water can simulate the hydrodynamic behavior and dissipation of energy by passinga flow in a lattice of channels. To model the grid the geometry of the flow networks used in geotechnics was drawn, the networks are an engineering solution to the Laplace equation.When passing the water through the reticle it was observed, in a 2D simulation with the Iber v2.5 software, that the draft remains constant. It was also noted that the reticle is an efficient way to dissipate energy. In this way it was discovered that the channel lattice is a solution to the equations of a shallow water joint. Through the results obtained, a field of research is intuited when modeling reticles of channels for the use and management of water.

En el contexto biológico se sabe que el agua en los humedales es favorable, sean naturales o artificiales. El problema a tratar es la falta de estudios de hidrodinámica para el conocimiento sobre el comportamiento del agua en los humedales artificiales. En este trabajo se analizó en tres localidades, y se complementó con una comparación de la forma que tienen los humedales artificiales en diferentes épocas y partes del mundo; y se dedujo que su geometría es en forma de reja de canales. Para la reja en los humedales artificiales se utilizó un software libre en dos dimensiones para realizar simulaciones numéricas y deducir el comportamiento hidrodinámico. Se demostró que la reja cumple con el comportamiento en los humedales naturales; disipar la energía del agua al escurrir y retenerla. La reja de canales lo hace de mejor manera que un canal equivalente con meandros; resultados que no se encontraron en otras referencias. La ventaja de utilizar un software 2D y libre para hacer simulaciones en humedales artificiales es su práctica representación de flujos de agua y bajo costo. Quedan más investigaciones por hacer para el estudio de la hidrodinámica de los humedales artificiales, como son: diferentes geometrías, incluir arrastre de sedimento, simular lluvia, entre otros aspectos.