The effects of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, and lead on the chlorophyll content, carbon assimilation, and the antiradical activity of Rhizophora mangle and Laguncularia racemosa were evaluated in regions affected by the Fundão dam disruption in Brazil. The mine waste which settled and accumulated in the sediments could represent long-term contamination. It can be expected that the iron oxyhydroxides deposited in the sediments will be solubilized, leading to chronic contamination by trace metals and the accumulation of these metals in the biota. In this sense, biological indicators prove to be important tools to assess this type of damage. The different bioaccumulation of metals by the species revealed that R. mangle was more impacted by Mn and Cu and that L. racemosa showed alterations in its physiological responses in the presence of Cu, Zn, and Fe. The concentration of these metals in the leaves, with values above previous local reference limits, was associated with reductions in the chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b content and carbon assimilation, mainly in L. racemosa. The antiradical activity was also altered, suggesting a lower ability of both species to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS). A possible reason for the symptoms of oxidative stress may be due to the reduced efficiency of antioxidant defense by Cu2+ and Zn2+. In addition, the presence of Pb in the leaf tissue may be toxic to the fauna and the bioaccumulation of this metal and trace elements can be a way to transfer them into the food web by biomagnification.
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the main leafy vegetables in the world, being present in several countries. Due to its composition, which includes a substance with antioxidant action and beneficial effects on health, it is consumed constantly. However, due to ongoing climate change that has had global effects, the crop has been suffering a reduction in productivity and quality. Thus, technologies aiming to mitigate the effects of climate extremes have been developed. In lettuce production, biostimulants make it possible to improve the growth and sustainable development of plants. This is due to their ability to activate physiological and biochemical processes in plants, resulting in an increase in the production of bioactive compounds such as vitamins, amino acids, and antioxidants. In addition, biostimulants contribute to improving the nutritional quality of lettuces, making them more resistant and adapted to different environmental conditions, resulting in a more sustainable development for the crop. This review aims to compile and discuss the available scientific evidence on the use of biostimulants in lettuce cultivation, addressing their mechanisms of action, the types of substances used, the results obtained in different cultivation systems, and their potential to promote more efficient and adaptable agriculture in the face of environmental changes.
Photosynthetica covers wide range of photosynthesis research or research including photosynthetic parameters of both experimental and theoretical nature.
Faixas de classificação para coeficiente de variação (CV) têm sido determinadas em diversos trabalhos científicos e são utilizadas como medida de precisão nos experimentos que possuem como referência a homogeneidade e a variabilidade dos dados. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a distribuição de CV em diversos experimentos de germinação e vigor de alface Lactuca sativa L. (GVA), visando, assim, propor faixas de classificação a serem utilizadas como referência em pesquisas nessa área. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com 227 valores de CV de experimentos publicados em 37 artigos entre 1995 e 2015 no Brasil. A classificação das faixas foi feita para as variáveis de maior frequência nas publicações, que são as seguintes: porcentagem de germinação (GER), índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), altura do hipocótilo (AH) e comprimento de raiz (CR). O teste de normalidade foi utilizado para a seleção da metodologia a ser empregada na proposição dos limites das faixas de classificação do CV. Os valores das faixas de classificação dos coeficientes de variação (CV) são diferentes para as diferentes variáveis em estudo. Os limites propostos como baixo CV para as variáveis de GER, IVG, AH e CR têm os valores de CV inferiores a 3,82; 9,33; 5,00 e 10,80%, respectivamente, e, para as mesmas variáveis, os limites propostos como muito altos são os CV maiores que 27,26; 26,23; 10,90 e 26,82%, respectivamente.
Soil salinization is one of the main factors limiting agricultural productivity, negatively affecting seed germination and initial growth of maize (Zea mays L.). As a sustainable alternative, seaweed-based biostimulants, especially extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum, have stood out in mitigating abiotic stresses. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of A. nodosum extract in inducing tolerance to saline stress in maize seeds of the AL Bandeirante cultivar. To this end, three independent bioassays were conducted under controlled conditions: (i) evaluation of five doses of the extract (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mL L−1); (ii) effects of five osmotic potentials induced by NaCl (0, −0.2, −0.4, −0.6 and −0.8 MPa); and (iii) the interaction between the most efficient doses and salinity levels, comparing the extract to its mineral fraction. Seed germination, percentage of normal and abnormal seedlings, radicle and epicotyl length, and vigor index were measured. The results demonstrated that doses of 1.0 to 2.0 mL L−1 promoted greater bioactivity, with a 7.3% increase in root length compared to the control. Although increased salinity progressively reduced all variables, with severe effects at −0.6 and −0.8 MPa, the treatment with the extract showed superior performance to the mineral fraction, demonstrating a mitigating effect. It is concluded that A. nodosum extract is an effective strategy to attenuate the damage caused by salinity on seed germination and initial seedling growth in maize, especially under moderate stress.
28 March 2021 in Research, Society and Development
Objetiva-se avaliar a produção de mudas de maracujazeiro azedo propagadas por sementes em cultivo hidropônico e associadas a eficiência do uso de fósforo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas concentrações de fósforo de 0,032; 0,125; 0,500 e 1,000 mmol.L-1. Cada parcela foi composta por 5 plantas dispostas nos perfis de cultivo. As características analisadas foram altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, massa fresca de parte aérea, massa fresca de raiz, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca das raízes, volume de raiz, área foliar, índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD) e análise química da parte aérea e raízes para os calculos das eficiências de absorção, translocação e utilização do fósforo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F (p<0,05) e análise de regressão, utilizando o software estatístico R. A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que a produção de mudas de maracujá azedo por sementes pode ser realizada como o uso de 0,784 mmol.L-1 de P na solução nutritiva, permitindo alcançar eficiências relativas de absorção e translocação do nutriente de 98,17% e 95,65%, respectivamente. O uso dessa concentração proporciona economia de cerca de 22% do nutriente em relação ao valor original da concentração utilizada na solução nutritiva.