In December 2019, the coronavirus ((COVID-19) outbreak related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV2) originated in China and expanded exponentially as a public health pandemic to over 200 countries. Over 8 million validated cases and approximately 800 000 deaths. The main type is cardiac and respiratory but neurological symptoms are further mentioned as case series and case records in the research. The most frequent manifestations have been reported to include dizziness and headache followed by delirium and encephalopathy. Gillian barre syndrome, acute transversal myelitis, cerebrovascular accident, and encephalitis are among the complications noted. The most prominent occurrence at the periphery was hyposmia. This is also known that neurological demonstrations will also lead to regular features such as cough and fever, which evolve in these cases later on normal manifestations. For the timely diagnosis and separation of cases, therefore, a great suspicion guide is needed to arrest spread in neurology departments. This research provides a narrative study of COVID-19’s neurological symptoms and complexities. Our goal is to inform the neurologists and clinicians who work amidst potential COVID-19 patients regarding potential neurological symptoms, and likely neurological problems arising from the aforementioned new virus.

To characterize the imaging features of patients with pathologically confirmed intraosseous schwannoma (IOS), institutional pathology and imaging databases were searched for IOS cases over a period of 17 years. A musculoskeletal radiologist evaluated all imaging studies. Additionally, a literature search was performed to identify IOS cases that had imaging findings of at least two modalities. Six patients (one female, five males, mean age of 50 ± 14 years) with IOS were identified, with all lesions localized to the lumbosacral region. Radiographic imaging was available in four patients, while all patients underwent CT and MR imaging. Radiographs depicted lytic lesions, and CT depicted heterogeneous expansile lesions with centrally hypodense areas and peripheral sclerosis. All cases involved extra-osseous extension, producing a mass effect on adjacent soft tissues and nerve roots. On MRI, the neoplasms displayed iso- to- slightly- low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintense signal intensity on T2-weighted images with heterogeneous enhancement. The literature review resulted in 102 IOS cases, which to the best of our knowledge, is the largest review on IOS, and the imaging findings of the previously published cases were the same as our cases. IOSs are rare benign neoplasms that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of well-defined expansile lytic lesions with sclerotic borders. This is particularly important in middle-aged adults with mandibular, sacral, or vertebral body mass.

Thermal protection techniques used during musculoskeletal tumor ablation are essential to ensure procedural safety and ablation efficacy, and radiologists must be familiar with ablation mechanisms, associated risks, and protective strategies to mitigate complications.

Patellar pathologies are a common cause of knee dysfunction, with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) alone responsible for 25% of knee-related visits to sports medicine clinics. Non-traumatic conditions, while often overlooked, can also lead to significant discomfort and functional limitations, highlighting the importance of accurate and timely diagnosis for effective management and prevention of complications. This pictorial review examines the radiologic characteristics of various non-traumatic patellar disorders, focusing on imaging modalities such as radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Key diagnostic markers, including patellar tilt, tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove distance (TT-TG), and congruence angle (CA), are discussed for their significance in non-traumatic pathology identification. Furthermore, this review highlights specific radiologic features for a range of non-traumatic patellar conditions, including patellar tendinopathy, chondromalacia patellae, and trochlear dysplasia, emphasizing how distinct radiologic findings facilitate precise diagnosis and clinical assessment. Ultimately, it provides a practical guide for clinicians in diagnosing non-traumatic patellar pathologies through a comprehensive review of key radiologic features while also discussing advancements in imaging technologies and management strategies to support accurate diagnosis and effective clinical decision-making.

Calcifications in soft tissue tumors present critical diagnostic challenges in musculoskeletal imaging. Their presence and morphology can provide key clues for differentiating benign from malignant lesions, influencing both prognosis and management strategies. This pictorial review aims to explore the imaging characteristics, patterns, and implications of soft tissue calcifications, with a focus on distinguishing between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors based on the World Health Organization classification. A systematic evaluation of imaging findings in various soft tissue tumor subtypes, including adipocytic, smooth muscle, vascular, chondro-osseous, and tumors of uncertain differentiation, is presented. Additionally, non-neoplastic causes of soft tissue calcifications, such as metabolic and inflammatory conditions, are reviewed for comprehensive differential diagnosis. Our review shows that the presence, distribution, and morphology of calcifications, such as stippled, punctate, coarse, and amorphous patterns, play a crucial role in tumor characterization. Some important examples are phleboliths, which strongly suggest a benign hemangioma, while dystrophic calcification is more commonly associated with malignant entities such as synovial sarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Peripheral calcifications with zonal distribution are characteristic of myositis ossificans, whereas central dense calcifications may indicate extra-skeletal osteosarcoma. The review also discusses the significance of calcifications in non-neoplastic conditions, such as calcific tendinitis, tumoral calcinosis, and metabolic diseases, which can mimic soft tissue tumors. Recognizing the imaging characteristics of soft tissue calcifications is essential for accurate tumor classification and appropriate clinical management. This review highlights the importance of integrating radiologic findings with clinical and histopathological data to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions.