Aircraft cabins have high occupant densities and may introduce the risk of COVID-19 contamination. In this study, a segment of a Boeing 767 aircraft cabin with a mixing type of air distribution system was investigated for COVID-19 deposition. A section of a Boeing 737-300 cabin, featuring four rows with 28 box-shaped mannequins, was used for simulation. Conditioned air entered through ceiling inlets and exited near the floor, simulating a mixed air distribution system. Cough droplets were modeled using the Discrete Phase Model from two locations: the centre seat in the second row and the window seat in the fourth row. These droplets had a mean diameter of 90 µm, an exhalation velocity of 11.5 m/s and a flow rate of 8.5 L/s. A high-quality polyhedral mesh of about 7.5 million elements was created, with a skewness of 0.65 and an orthogonality of 0.3. The SIMPLE algorithm and a second-order upwind finite volume method were used to model airflow and droplet dynamics. It was found that the ceiling accounted for the maximum concentration followed by the seats. The concentration of deposits was almost 50% more when the source was at window as compared to the centre seat. The Covid particles resided for longer duration when the source was at the centre of the cabin than when it was located near the widow.

The increase in pollution levels in recent years has increased the prevalence of pulmonary diseases. The accumulation of pollutant particles in the pulmonary tract is speculated to be one of the major reasons for the increase in chronic cases. This necessitates the study of the mechanism of particle deposition in human airways to develop better drug delivery systems. Aerosolized forms of drugs are commonly used to treat pulmonary diseases. The current study employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) techniques to study airflow patterns and particle deposition phenomena. An idealized 3D CAD model was developed based on available literature. A discretized finite-volume model was tested to ensure an independent solution. A user-defined function (UDF) was used to simulate realistic breathing dynamics for the respiration cycle. The aerosol particles of the calculated volume were mixed into the airflow domain. The analysis was conducted using ANSYS FLUENT CFD solver. This study found several regions of high turbulence in the upper human airways, with secondary flow structures exhibiting bifurcations and the glottal region. The study also found that the oral cavity and oropharynx regions with higher turbulence intensity had a concentrated deposition of particles. Most of the aerosol particles (5μm) were transported into the alveolar sacs, where they were absorbed into the bloodstream. The oral cavity and oropharynx have the highest pressure and particle deposition efficiency, while the trachea plays a crucial role in particle deposition during inhalation due to weak oscillatory flows and turbulence, especially in the tracheal region and lower respiratory tract. The oral cavity has the highest efficiency at 7.32%, while the trachea has the lowest at 0.4%. The overall deposition efficiency across all regions is 9.078%.This study did not account for the breakup of aerosol particles. Aerosol particles can break apart due to airflow and collisions, affecting their size and deposition efficiency. Ignoring this breakup could lead to inaccurate results, making accurate dosimetry essential for inhalation studies