تعتمد فلسطين بشكل رئيس على مصادر خارجية لتلبية احتياجاتها من الطاقة، حيث تُستورد حوالي 87% من إسرائيل، و2% من الأردن، بينما تسهم الطاقة المتجددة بنسبة 3%، وتغطي محطة توليد الكهرباء في غزة نحو 8% من الطلب الكلي على الطاقة. ونتيجة لهذا الاعتماد الكبير على مصادر خارجية، شهدت الاستثمارات في مشاريع الطاقة المتجددة، خاصة في منطقة أريحا، نمواً ملحوظاً في السنوات الأخيرة. ومع أن محطات توليد الطاقة المتجددة، بما في ذلك المحطات الكهروضوئية، تُعد أقل ضرراً بالبيئة مقارنة بالمصادر التقليدية، إلا أنها لا تخلو من تأثيرات بيئية. وبالنظر إلى الإمكانيات الكبيرة للطاقة الشمسية في فلسطين، فإن تقييم الأثر البيئي لهذه المحطات يُعد أمراً ضرورياً. إن تحسين تكنولوجيا تصنيع مكونات الأنظمة الكهروضوئية، ورفع كفاءة الخلايا الشمسية، والاعتماد على مواد صديقة للبيئة، عوامل أساسية في الحد من الآثار السلبية لهذه المحطات. تهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى دراسة الوضع الحالي للتأثيرات البيئية لمحطات الطاقة الكهروضوئية في السياق المحلي، من حيث انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون، واستخدام الأراضي، والتلوث الهوائي والضوضاء، واستهلاك...

The conventional unidirectional power flow model of centralized energy grids is being revolutionized by integrating renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic (PV) systems, to meet the escalating demand for electricity while ensuring sustainability. However, this integration challenges the efficiency and performance of power systems and impacts various parameters, including power quality, voltage profile, power factor, power loss, and load flow. This paper investigates the effects and performance of a grid-tied PV system integrated into the conventional power system, focusing on the Palestine Polytechnic University (PPU) 230 kWp PV plant as a real-world case study. Simulations conducted using ETAP software revealed that integrating the PV system resulted in a slight increase in the voltage level at the main bus of the PPU feeder, with an increase of 0.03% at the medium-voltage level. Additionally, the voltage level at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) increased by 0.51% with a PV penetration level of only 14.7%, which remains within the acceptable range according to IEEE 1547 standards. These findings underscore the minimal impact of the PV system on the voltage profile and highlight the system’s ability to maintain power quality and efficiency even with the addition of renewable energy sources. The daily load profiles were studied with and without the PV system, providing a comprehensive analysis of its effects on the grid.

The power produced from renewable Distributed Generators (DGs) units close to load centers increases system reliability, reduces losses, improves voltage profile as well as reduces fossil fuel consumption, which reduces the harm done to the environment. Achieving such benefits requires the careful selection of DGs locations and size. In this paper, a method based on a novel analytical approach for optimal allocation (sizing and siting) of DGs with the aim of reducing the total real power loss subject to specific assigned constraints in the radial distribution network is introduced. A computational method has been utilized to identify the optimal candidate locations for DGs, where the optimal sizes of DG units at the identified locations are evaluated by optimizing the loss saving equations, as well as the voltage drop on feeder. The proposed method has been tested and validated on a radial feeder in the Bethlehem district in the Jerusalem Distribution Electricity Company (JDECO) concession area. The test system consists of seven nodes and eleven 0.4 KV-buses and feeds five household loads. It has been found that a significant loss saving, as well as voltage profile improvement can be obtained by the appropriate selection of size and location of the DG units within the tested system using the proposed analytical method. The design has been simulated and verified using the NEPLAN simulator.