Se presenta el análisis espectral para las principales características hidrometeorológicas en la región del lago de Chapala: temperatura del aire, precipitación, evaporación, presión atmosférica, viento, nivel del lago y volumen del flujo de los ríos. Las series de tiempo se agruparon con una igual discretización y duración. Usando métodos lineales y no lineales del análisis espectral (máxima entropía y máxima verosimilitud) se identificaron los principales periodos en el rango de días a décadas, obteniendo estimaciones de las amplitudes medias cuadráticas. Se discuten las causas físicas de las oscilaciones, así como las relaciones internas entre las fluctuaciones de diferentes parámetros hidrometeorológicos. Se discuten las causas de las grandes variaciones en el nivel del lago y en los brotes periódicos del lirio acuático.

Se presenta un nuevo método para efectuar mediciones oceanográficas usando un sensor CTD en un fuselaje especialmente construido para este efecto. En cada estación de medición, la nave describe un círculo sin cambiar de velocidad mientras el dispositivo se hunde a razón de basta 5 m/s. La profundidad de muestreo depende de la longitud del cable. Para un micropolígono de prueba frente a Barra de Navidad, México se obtuvieron 27 registros en algo más de 5 horas, basta una profundidad de 120m y con perfiles de mu de 52 km de largo. La rapidez del método lo hace adecuado para medir ondas internas cortas.

To study the air quality in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (GMA), concentrations of suspended particles (PM₁₀) and ozone (O₃) reported by eight monitoring stations were analyzed. Also, six commonly found types of synoptic situations (TSS) during 1996–2016 were identified using an atmospheric pattern correlation method on the mean sea level pressure and geopotential heights (850 hPa, 500 hPa, and 200 hPa) of fields given by the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) database. Overall, 75% of the period of study was classified as one of the six TSS. Afterward, statistical significance tests (confidence level 95%) were applied to determine whether the TSS affected PM₁₀ and O₃ concentrations locally in the GMA. PM₁₀ maximum hourly concentrations (~76.7 μg/m³) occurred around 8 am local time, while that of ozone (~0.054 ppm) occurred between 1–4 pm local time. Meanwhile, PM₁₀ monthly levels were higher between December and May, and the highest O₃ concentrations occurred between April and June. Average annual levels of PM₁₀ have decreased through the years, while the annual trend of mean O₃ concentrations seemed to respond to the 11-year solar cycle. It was also found that during “convective-allowing situations” (TSS VI) and “thermal low over California” (TSS I), PM₁₀ concentrations remained low in the GMA, and O₃ concentrations rose under the influence of a “low-pressure system over the United States (USA)” (TSS II). Further research is suggested to address the effect of the local circulation in the GMA linked to the TSS on O₃ and PM₁₀ concentrations.

The sunglint geometrical optics equations of a statistically faceted sea, supported by the so-called interaction probability density and employing an averaging hybrid of the Cox–Munk and Mermelstein slope statistics, was successful in simulating 0.5 μm sunglint region characteristics. The results match independent experimental data, and good agreement is reported for various sea conditions and Sun locations, on sunglint amplitude, sunglint location, and azimuth range. In particular, the peak reflectance shift from the specular direction toward the horizon is correctly predicted, and it is found that the physical mechanism responsible for the shift is the accumulation of contributing facets near the horizon.

The conservation of the olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) is increasingly critical due to declining global populations. This study investigates the influence of hydrometeorological conditions on the nesting season and annual hatchling sex ratios conducted at the Playón de Mismaloya Federal Reserve in Tomatlán, Jalisco, Mexico. The research specifically examines variations in sand temperature at both the beach surface and nesting depths, with extended measurements taken at multiple depths (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 cm) to analyze the vertical temperature gradient along the beach. Atmospheric parameters were modeled using Newton’s Cooling Law and solved with the finite difference method to estimate heat loss rates from beach sand to its surroundings, shedding light on microclimatic effects on incubation and embryonic development. Meteorological data were gathered from an automatic weather station, while sand temperatures were monitored with thermographs. During the warm period (approximately 32 °C), sand temperature showed a negative correlation with depth (20–100 cm), indicating cooler temperatures at greater depths. These conditions were associated with female-biased hatchling production. Conversely, the cold period (approximately 28 °C) led to male-biased hatchling production, with a positive correlation between sand and air temperatures. This study emphasizes the importance of monitoring in situ environmental conditions and extending the protection season until February to avoid the loss of male hatchlings.