To study the air quality in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (GMA), concentrations of suspended particles (PM₁₀) and ozone (O₃) reported by eight monitoring stations were analyzed. Also, six commonly found types of synoptic situations (TSS) during 1996–2016 were identified using an atmospheric pattern correlation method on the mean sea level pressure and geopotential heights (850 hPa, 500 hPa, and 200 hPa) of fields given by the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) database. Overall, 75% of the period of study was classified as one of the six TSS. Afterward, statistical significance tests (confidence level 95%) were applied to determine whether the TSS affected PM₁₀ and O₃ concentrations locally in the GMA. PM₁₀ maximum hourly concentrations (~76.7 μg/m³) occurred around 8 am local time, while that of ozone (~0.054 ppm) occurred between 1–4 pm local time. Meanwhile, PM₁₀ monthly levels were higher between December and May, and the highest O₃ concentrations occurred between April and June. Average annual levels of PM₁₀ have decreased through the years, while the annual trend of mean O₃ concentrations seemed to respond to the 11-year solar cycle. It was also found that during “convective-allowing situations” (TSS VI) and “thermal low over California” (TSS I), PM₁₀ concentrations remained low in the GMA, and O₃ concentrations rose under the influence of a “low-pressure system over the United States (USA)” (TSS II). Further research is suggested to address the effect of the local circulation in the GMA linked to the TSS on O₃ and PM₁₀ concentrations.

Indoor air pollution, particularly in rural communities, is a significant health determinant, primarily due to the prevalence of traditional cooking practices. The WHO estimates 4.3 million annual deaths related to household air pollution. This study quantifies indoor pollutants and assesses health impacts and perceptions regarding traditional cooking. Using Extech air quality monitoring equipment, the study measured particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in 48 rural homes. A survey of 39 women gathered insights on their use of wood for cooking and perceptions of air quality. This dual approach analyzed both environmental and social dimensions. Findings showed fine particulate matter (0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 μm) exceeded safety limits by threefold, while coarser particulates (5.0 and 10 µm) were concerning but less immediate. CO levels were mostly acceptable, but high concentrations posed risks. CO₂ levels indicated good ventilation. Survey responses highlighted reliance on wood and poor air quality perceptions demonstrating little awareness of health risks. Common symptoms included eye discomfort, respiratory issues, and headaches. The study emphasizes the need for interventions to reduce exposure to indoor pollutants and increase awareness of health risks to encourage cleaner cooking practices in rural communities.

La contaminación del aire en el mundo es causante de 7 millones de muertes al año. Se realizó un estudio de percepción social y de contaminación del aire por CO2, PM2.5, y PM10 en abril 2021 en Tonalá, Jalisco, México. Se utilizó el equipo Urban Sensor Board SCK2.1, que contiene sensores AMS CCS811 y PMS 5003. Las concentraciones de CO2 rebasaron lo recomendado por el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC) 2020-2060 (590-710 ppm), se registraron valores por encima de la media diaria con relación a las guías de calidad del aire de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) PM2.5-25 µg m-3, PM10-50 µg m-3, así como para la normatividad mexicana (PM2.5-41 µg m-3, PM10-70 µg m-3). Los participantes refieren dolor de cabeza (28%), dificultad para concentrarse (9%) y molestias respiratorias (47%). Este tipo de estudios permiten tener una primera aproximación al diagnóstico ambiental y al desarrollo de políticas públicas.

Se investiga la manifestación de la señal de El Niño en los campos de temperatura y precipitación en las estaciones de Guadalajara, Manzanillo, Guanajuato, Mexicali y Ensenada. Tal manifestación es también investigada en el nivel del lago de Chapala. El nivel del lago sirve como un indicador de los procesos integrales en temperatura y precipitación en el territorio de la cuenca Lerma-Chapala. Los espectros normalizados de la fluctuación de la temperatura y precipitación manifiestan claramente picos de densidad espectral con períodos de 0.5 a 22 años, los cuales superan el 90% del nivel de confianza. Dentro de este rango, los períodos de 2 a 7 años se relacionan con El Niño, y los períodos de 9 a 22 años están relacionados con la influencia solar. La investigación de la señal de El Niño 1998 en la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara fue realizada con mayor detalle usando los valores horarios de temperatura, humedad relativa, dirección y velocidad del viento. En los años de El Niño el campo de la temperatura y la humedad relativa superó en gran medida el número diario de horas en que la temperatura fue mayor de los 25°C; sin embargo, los valores de la humedad relativa fueron inferiores al 30%. En el campo de temperatura tal efecto es observado con mayor claridad desde principios de marzo de 1998. Para el campo de la humedad relativa el fenómeno se observa desde finales de enero del mismo año. Durante este mismo periodo se registró una estabilidad en la dirección del viento con un rumbo Oeste- Norte-Oeste y un aumento de la velocidad del viento de hasta 9 m/s.

Environmental health diagnosis was made in a sport and recreational park in the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. The objective of this research was to perform an environmental diagnosis in Tucson Park; it concentrated on air quality (fine and coarse particulate matter, carbon dioxide), environmental noise, water quality of springs and a pond according to national standards, and macroinvertebrates as biological indicators of water condition, as well as phytosanitary state of wooded area. Additionally, a survey was conducted to study environmental perception. Results of the study highlighted significant statistical differences concerning the amount and size of particles for the winter and spring seasons. Noise levels within the park premises exceeded the Mexican standard. Water quality measured through general criteria of integrated water quality index (WQI) qualified the park´s analyzed springs as acceptable but to abstain its use and human consumption. Finally, the perception survey identified insecurity as the major problem, followed by the lack of lighting and effective communication of courses and workshops for the community to attend. It is one of the first environmental diagnoses in sport parks in Mexico´s Metropolitan Areas as an integrated approach of ecosystem health and wellbeing of city inhabitants.