Although there are studies on the effects of eating disorders (EDs) among athletes, a limited number of studies have been conducted in wrestling. This systematic review aims to identify the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) and disordered eating (DE) in wrestling, which is important for developing healthier weight control behaviours within the sport. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol, focusing on publications from the last 10 years. PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science were used to identify eligible studies with the searching terms “Eating disorders” AND “wrestlers” OR “Eating disorders” AND “wrestling” OR “Disordered eating” AND “wrestlers” OR “Disordered eating” AND “wrestling” OR “Anorexia Nervosa” AND “wrestlers” OR “Anorexia Nervosa” AND “wrestling” OR “Bulimia Nervosa” AND “wrestlers” OR “Bulimia Nervosa” AND “wrestling” within the timeframe from 2014 to 2024. Eight articles met the inclusion criteria. When all studies were considered as a homogeneous group, the analysis revealed: (a) wrestlers are significantly more susceptible to Eds than other branches, (b) wrestlers have unhealthy weight control behaviors to control weight for optimum performance and to enhance their muscular appearance due to body image issues. It is recommended that future research address eating disorders, which have predominantly been studied in male wrestlers, within female wrestlers as well. Additionally, it is advised to identify potential causes contributing to the elevated risk of eating disorders among wrestlers and to develop targeted prevention strategies.

Background. Studies examining the development of exercise addiction point out the relationship between the characteristics that create this behavioral addiction and the personality characteristics of individuals. Objectives. This study aims to examine athletes' exercise addiction levels and narcissism levels and to reveal the relationship between narcissism and exercise addiction. Methods. ...

The Exercise Addiction Inventory-3 is the latest version of the Exercise Addiction Inventory, whose use has become more frequent in several countries. The present study investigated its psychometric properties among Turkish adults. The study recruited 389 participants through online social media platforms. Reliability was tested through Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. Validity was tested through correlations among the Exercise Addiction Inventory-3 score and scores on the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised, Ten-Item Personality Inventory, SCOFF Questionnaire, and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised. Structural validity was tested via confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance. The findings suggested that the Turkish version of the Exercise Addiction Inventory-3 is reliable. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the models demonstrated good to excellent fit indices. Partial measurement invariance was observed. The Exercise Addiction Inventory-3 scores were positively correlated with the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scores. The total scale score and the Addiction Tendency subscale score were negatively correlated with SCOFF scores but not the Health Relevance subscale scores. The Turkish Exercise Addiction Inventory-3 is a reliable and valid instrument to assess the risk of exercise addiction that differentiates at-risk groups from passionate exercisers. Implications for future studies are discussed.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine closely how mindful eating intervention influences the eating behavior of a kickboxer 10 days before the competition. Methods: A mindful intervention was conducted. A mixed method was used, in which data was collected from two semi-structured interviews and four scales [Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), and Mindful Eating Scale (MEQ-30)]. The first semi-structured interview and four scales were administered before the intervention process, and the last interview was conducted after the competition. 10 days before the competition, 10 sessions of “mindful raisin eating” exercise, each lasting 10 min, were performed. The scores obtained from the scales were calculated manually. The data collected from semi-structured interviews were analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. Results: According to the administered 4 scales initially, the athlete’s average scores were (X̄=16) on the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), (X̄=3.125) on the “shape concern” sub-dimension of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), (X̄=4) on the Emotional Eating sub-dimension of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), and (X̄=2.5) on both the “awareness” and “eating control” sub-dimensions of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ-30). Qualitative data showed, positive improvements were detected in eating attitudes and behaviors, stress management, perceived performance, and body image, respectively. During the mindful eating exercises, she lost approximately 2.4 kg (~3.9% of her body weight) without experiencing stress on weigh-in day. She also reported that focusing on mindful eating helped her avoid unhealthy foods and made her feel safe and calm. Conclusion: It was stated by the athlete that there were positive improvements in eating attitudes and behaviors, level of coping with stress, perceived performance and body perception.

Objectives: This study examined component-level relationships among mindful eating, disordered eating attitudes, and risk of exercise addiction (REA) in recreational exercisers. Using Bayesian Gaussian network analysis, the study aimed to identify conditional associations and central variables across these constructs. Methods: Data were collected from 303 regular exercisers in Türkiye aged 18–57 years (M = 24.42, SD = 7.10; 57.8% male, 42.2% female). Participants completed the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ), and the Expanded Exercise Addiction Inventory-3 (EAI-3), with all subscales entered as nodes in a 12-node Bayesian Gaussian network. The estimated network contained 22 nonzero edges among 66 possible connections (sparsity = 0.667), indicating a moderately sparse structure. The robustness of the recovered structure was examined against a regularized frequentist counterpart and against models adjusting for age, sex, and exercise frequency/duration. Results: The strongest conditional associations occurred within rather than between instruments: EAT-26 Restriction (Diet/Calorie Control) and EAT-26 Bulimia and Food Preoccupation, EAI-3 Healthy Relevance and EAI-3 Addiction Tendency, MEQ Eating without Thinking and MEQ Emotional Eating, and EAT-26 Bulimia and Food Preoccupation and EAT-26 Social Pressure. Cross-domain associations were present but consistently weaker, with the mindful-eating and exercise-addiction domains bridged principally by MEQ Eating Discipline–EAI-3 Healthy Relevance and MEQ Conscious Eating–EAI-3 Addiction Tendency. Two negative edges emerged, between EAT-26 Social Pressure and EAI-3 Healthy Relevance and between EAT-26 Bulimia and Food Preoccupation and MEQ External Influences. EAT-26 Bulimia and Food Preoccupation showed the highest standardized strength, whereas MEQ Conscious Eating showed the strongest expected influence, and MEQ External Influences showed the highest betweenness. Conclusions: Exercise-addiction risk was selectively and modestly linked to eating-related components rather than to global disordered eating or mindful eating, with each instrument retaining substantial internal cohesion. The findings highlight the value of component-level Bayesian Gaussian network analysis for identifying candidate components associated with REA, with implications for screening and the design of future prospective and intervention studies. Because the EAI-3 subscales differ in valence, the Healthy Relevance dimension is interpreted as reflecting health-oriented exercise involvement rather than pathology. Finally, since the network is cross-sectional and undirected, the associations are non-causal, and generalizability is limited to recreational exerciser populations in Türkiye.