Nanotechnology has revolutionised biomedical research, offering innovative healthcare solutions. Plant-based nanotechnology is emerging as a sustainable alternative, minimising environmental impacts and enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. This paper explores the potential of plant-derived nanoparticles (PNPs) in medicine, highlighting their biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and eco-friendliness. PNPs, synthesised through green methods, have demonstrated promising applications in drug delivery, cancer therapy, antimicrobial treatments, and tissue regeneration. Their unique properties, such as a high surface area and bioactive components, enable improved drug delivery, targeting, and controlled release, reducing side effects and enhancing treatment efficacy. Additionally, plant-derived compounds’ inherent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, retained within platinum nanoparticles (PNPs), present innovative opportunities for combating antimicrobial resistance and promoting wound healing. Despite their potential, challenges remain in standardising PNP synthesis, ensuring consistency, and scaling up production for industrial applications. This review emphasises the need for further research on PNP toxicity, biocompatibility, and regulatory frameworks to fully harness their capabilities in clinical and commercial applications. Plant-based nanotechnology represents a promising, greener alternative for advancing healthcare solutions, aligning with global sustainability goals.

The study was conducted to determine the rigor mortis in common carp Cyprinus carpio , weighing 1100 ± 163 g and measuring 37.5 ± 1.87 cm in total length. Immediately after catching, the fish were killed by a blow to the head, followed by washing with tap water, before being placed in six insulated boxes, either at the ambient temperature (25 ± 3°C) or at a chilled temperature of (0°C). The rigor mortis and biochemical changes were monitored at regular times to measure the rigor mortis index (%), pH, and chemical composition. The rate of rigor mortis index in fish kept at ambient temperature was 100% within 10 h after fishing, while it was 100% after 20 h in fish kept at a chilled temperature. During the later postmortem changes, pH slightly increased to reach a value of 7.2 for fish kept at ambient temperature and 7 for fish kept at a chilled temperature. The results also showed nonsignificant differences ( p > 0.05) in the chemical composition of fish before and after rigor mortis. Therefore, it was considered that the development of rigor mortis in common carp occurring more rapidly at ambient temperature than at chilled temperature.

The journal retracts the review article titled “Nanotechnology for Healthcare: Plant-Derived Nanoparticles in Disease Treatment and Regenerative Medicine”