The inadequate management of organic waste and excessive use of plastic containers cause damage to the environment; therefore, different studies have been carried out to obtain new biomaterials from agricultural subproducts. The objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using the pectin extracted from the peel of Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (PT), characterizing its type and viability for the production of edible biodegradable films. In addition, films of two thicknesses (23.45 ± 3.02 µm and 53.34 ± 2.28 µm) were prepared. The results indicated that PT is an excellent raw material for the extraction of pectin, with high yields (23.02 ± 0.02%), high galacturonic acid content (65.43 ± 2.241%), neutral sugars (ribose, xylose, glucose) and a high degree of esterification (76.93 ± 1.65%), classifying it as a high-methoxy pectin. Regarding the films, they were malleable and flexible, with a water vapor permeability from 2.57 × 10⁻¹⁰ ± 0.046 to 0.13 × 10⁻¹⁰ ± 0.029 g/s mPa according to thickness, being similar to other Passiflora varieties of edible films. The pectin extraction yield from PT makes this fruit a promising material for pectin production and its chemical composition a valuable additive for the food and pharmaceutical industries.

In the current search for products that are friendly to the environment, the intent is to reduce the use of domestic, food and industrial waste of mineral origin, thereby creating new products that are functional in industrial and agricultural processes. That is why the use of raw chicken skin fat was evaluated for the creation of a biolubricant with possible applications in the operation of heavy machinery, such as agricultural tractors. The acute toxicity of the biolubricant made from transesterified fatty acids obtained from chicken skin fat was determined experimentally, using bioassays with Eisenia fetida as a test organism, by means of the median lethal concentration (LC50) using the probit method (p < 0.05) on the filter paper at 48 h and on an artificial substrate at 14 days, resulting in an LC50 of 878.675 mg mL⁻¹ or 0.0268 mg cm⁻² and 35.2348 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Likewise, the physiological damage was determined by means of histology, and it could be observed that there was no damage on the Eisenia fetida cell tissue. This indicates that the biolubricant is suitable for use in agricultural machinery since, in the event of an accidental spill, it does not cause damage to the soil or the organisms that live in it, as well as to the people who handle this type of product in their daily work.

Sustainable agricultural practices increasingly focus on natural bioactive agents for managing phytopathogens. This study investigates the antifungal and phytotoxic properties of methanolic bioextracts derived from Plantago major leaves (MBPm) and Sambucus nigra roots (MBSn) to explore their potential applications. Bioextracts were prepared through methanolic maceration, with yields of 6.02% (P. major) and 6.42% (S. nigra). Antifungal assays evaluated inhibitory effects on Fusarium oxysporum, Corynespora cassiicola, and Penicillium oxalicum, while phytotoxicity assays assessed concentration-dependent impacts on Solanum lycopersicum seed germination. A qualitative evaluation of major polyphenolic compounds was conducted using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with a Photodiode Array Detector and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS) to identify bioactive compounds known for their significant biological activity. P. major bioextracts demonstrated significant inhibition of F. oxysporum (90.06%) and C. cassiicola (83.19%), while S. nigra bioextracts achieved 89.65% and 92.16% inhibition, respectively. Both bioextracts showed minimal impact on P. oxalicum, with effects observed only at 50 mg/mL. Low concentrations of S. nigra bioextract enhanced seed germination, whereas higher doses inhibited it. Identified bioactive compounds included acteoside, isoacteoside, chlorogenic acid, and dicaffeoylquinic acid isomers. The findings highlight the potential of these bioextracts as biocontrol agents and modulators of seed germination processes, contributing to sustainable agricultural strategies. While this study was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, these results provide a strong foundation for future evaluations in field settings to explore their broader agricultural applications.

Hoy en día, las instituciones públicas cada vez más afrontan recortes presupuestales anuales que enfrentan al reto hacer lo mismo con menos, incluso hacer más con los recortes presupuestales. La metodología de Manufactura Esbelta se ha convertido en una opción que se adapta a las diferentes situaciones de las Instituciones públicas proporcionando una opción para disminuir los desperdicios de los procesos académicos, optimizando los recursos e incrementando los beneficios, logrando con ello las metas planteadas. El objetivo de esta investigación, se logró al uso e implementación de la Metodología Esbelta, que consta de 5 etapas las cuales se desarrollaron de la siguiente manera: 1.- Se identificaron las problemáticas o desperdicios existentes en la institución; 2.- Se analizó la magnitud de los desperdicios y se generaron propuestas de solución; 3.- Se analizaron las propuestas de mejora; 4.- Se implementó el Sistema Pull; 5.- Se midieron los resultados de los desperdicios; 6.- Se obtuvieron los resultados. El resultado promedio de los diferentes tipos de mudas que emite la implementación de la Metodología Esbelta en el Instituto es del 22.96%, teniendo un resultado favorable dentro del rango esperado, pero aun es bajo si esto fuera una filosofía de trabajo. Se concluye que la filosofía de Manufactura esbelta, es una metodología que permite ser eficientes en los procesos con su correcta aplicación. Además, de que se enfoca en minimizar significativamente las pérdidas de los sistemas de manufactura al mismo tiempo que maximiza la creación de valor para el cliente final.

Según la INEGI en el año 2021, las principales defunciones en México son por enfermedades como el COVID-19 con 238 772, enfermedades del corazón con 225 449, Diabetes mellitus con 140 729 y Chiapas son las enfermedades del corazón con 8949 y la Diabetes mellitus con 5838. La creación del Dispositivo Biomédico con inteligencia artificial busca detectar en primera instancia si la persona padece de diabetes tipo 2, dando como positivo si la App muestra un resultado de 1 o aproximadamente a 1. Para el desarrollo del dispositivo se basó en la siguiente metodología: 1.- Se detecta la enfermedad de mayor mortalidad en México; 2.- Se identificaron los signos oculares de la diabetes tipo 2; 3.- Se generará una Base de datos de personas enfermas de diabetes tipos 2; 4.- Se genera el código; 5.- Se entrena el modelo que identifica los ojos enfermos; 6.- Se sigue entrenando y mejorando el modelo; 7.- Se genera la interfaz de la App de escritorio; 8.- Se realizan mediciones; 9.- Se obtienen resultados. El resultado que emite la App tiene una correlación del 0.80 entre los resultados del laboratorio y los de la App, teniendo una correlación fuerte positiva.