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Diabetes is one of the most dangerous metabolic disorders, with high rates of mortality worldwide. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases, including diabetes and its related complications. Plants are widely accepted, affordable, and perceived to have minimal adverse side effects. The Lamiaceae family is a potential source of therapeutic agents for the management of metabolic disorders, including diabetes. Hence, this review paper summarizes the antidiabetic use of Lamiaceae species in folk medicine globally. Furthermore, we present the antidiabetic activities and phytochemical constituents of twenty-three (23) Lamiaceae species and the antidiabetic activity of some notable chemical constituents isolated from some of these Lamiaceae species.
Ninon Etsassala; Ahmed Hussein; Felix Nchu. Potential Application of Some Lamiaceae Species in the Management of Diabetes. Plants 2021, 10, 279 .
AMA StyleNinon Etsassala, Ahmed Hussein, Felix Nchu. Potential Application of Some Lamiaceae Species in the Management of Diabetes. Plants. 2021; 10 (2):279.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNinon Etsassala; Ahmed Hussein; Felix Nchu. 2021. "Potential Application of Some Lamiaceae Species in the Management of Diabetes." Plants 10, no. 2: 279.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most dangerous metabolic diseases with a high rate of mortality worldwide. It is well known that insulin resistance and deficiency in insulin production from pancreatic β-cells are the main characteristics of DM. Due to the detrimental side effects of the current treatment, there is a considerable need to develop new effective antidiabetic drugs, especially alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitors with lesser adverse effects. These inhibitors are known to be directly involved in the delay of carbohydrate digestion, resulting in a reduction of glucose absorption rate and, consequently, reducing the postprandial rise of plasma glucose, which can reduce the risk of long-term diabetes complications. Furthermore, natural products are well-known sources for the discovery of new bioactive compounds that can serve as scaffolds for drug discovery, including that of new antidiabetic drugs. The phytochemical investigation of Salvia aurita collected from Hogobach Pass, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (SA), yielded four known abietane diterpenes namely carnosol (1), rosmanol (2), 7-methoxyrosmanol (3), 12-methoxycarnosic acid (4), and one flavonoid named 4,7-dimethylapigenin (5). Structural characterization of these isolated compounds was conducted using 1 and 2D NMR, in comparison with reported spectroscopic data. These compounds are reported for the first time from S. aurita. The biological evaluation of the isolated compound against alpha-glucosidase exhibited strong inhibitory activities for 3 and 2 with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4.2 ± 0.7 and 16.4 ± 1.1 µg/mL respectively, while 4 and 1 demonstrated strong alpha-amylase inhibitory activity amongst the isolated compounds with IC50 values of 16.2 ± 0.3 and 19.8 ± 1.4 µg/mL. Molecular docking analysis confirms the strong inhibitory activity of 3 against alpha-glucosidase. Additionally, excellent antioxidant capacities were displayed by 2, 1, and 3, respectively, with oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) (25.79 ± 0.01; 23.96 ± 0.01; 23.94 ± 0.02) mM Trolox equivalent (TE)/g; 1 and 2 as ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (3.92 ± 0.002; 1.52 ± 0.002) mM ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g; 5 and 2 as Trolox equivalent absorbance capacity (TEAC) (3.19 ± 0.003; 2.06 ± 0.003) mM TE/g. The methanolic extract of S. aurita is a rich source of abietane diterpenes with excellent antioxidant and antidiabetic activities that can be useful to modulate oxidative stress and might possibly be excellent candidates for the management of diabetes. This is the first scientific report on the phytochemical isolation and biological evaluation of the alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Salvia aurita.
Ninon G. E. R. Etsassala; Jelili A. Badmus; Jeanine L. Marnewick; Emmanuel I. Iwuoha; Felix Nchu; Ahmed A. Hussein. Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities, Molecular Docking, and Antioxidant Capacities of Salvia aurita Constituents. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1149 .
AMA StyleNinon G. E. R. Etsassala, Jelili A. Badmus, Jeanine L. Marnewick, Emmanuel I. Iwuoha, Felix Nchu, Ahmed A. Hussein. Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities, Molecular Docking, and Antioxidant Capacities of Salvia aurita Constituents. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (11):1149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNinon G. E. R. Etsassala; Jelili A. Badmus; Jeanine L. Marnewick; Emmanuel I. Iwuoha; Felix Nchu; Ahmed A. Hussein. 2020. "Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities, Molecular Docking, and Antioxidant Capacities of Salvia aurita Constituents." Antioxidants 9, no. 11: 1149.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most dangerous metabolic diseases with high rate of mortality worldwide. It is well known that insulin resistance and deficiency in insulin production from pancreatic β-cells are the main characteristic of DM. Due to the detrimental side effects of the current treatment, there is a considerable need to develop new effective antidiabetic drugs, especially alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitors with lesser adverse effects. These inhibitors are known to be directly involved in the delay of carbohydrate digestion, resulting in a reduction of glucose absorption rate and consequently reduce the post-prandial raise of plasma glucose, which can reduce the risk of long-term diabetes complications. Hence, natural products are well-known sources for the discovery of new scaffold for drugs discovery, including new antidiabetic drugs. The phytochemical investigation of Salvia aurita collected from Hogobach pass, Eastern Cape, South Africa (SA), yielded four known abietane diterpenes namely carnosol (1), rosmanol (2), 7-methoxyrosmanol (3), 12-methoxycarnosic acid (4) and one flavonoid named 4,7-dimethylapigenin (5). Structural characterization of these isolated compounds was conducted using 1 and 2D NMR, in comparison with reported spectroscopic data. These compounds are reported for the first time from S. aurita. The biological evaluation of the isolated compound against alpha-glucosidase exhibited strong inhibitory activities for 3 and 2 with IC50 values of 4.2 ± 0.7 and 16.4 ± 1.1 µg/mL respectively, while 4 and 1 demonstrated strong alpha-amylase inhibitory activity amongst the isolated compounds with IC50 of 16.2 ± 0.3 and 19.8 ± 1.4 µg/mL. Molecular docking analysis confirms strong inhibitory activity of 3 against alpha-glucosidase. Additionally, excellent antioxidant capacities were displayed by 2, 1 and 3 respectively as ORAC (25789.9 ± 10.5; 23961.8 ± 14.1; 23939.3 ± 2.4) µM TE/g; 1 and 2 as FRAP (3917.8 ± 2.1; 1522.3 ± 0.9) µM AAE/g; 5 and 2 as TEAC (3190.4 ± 2.8; 2055.0 ± 2.6) µM TE/g. The methanolic extract of S. aurita is a rich source of abietane diterpenes with excellent antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities that can be useful to modulate oxidative stress, and might possibly be excellent candidates for the management of diabetes. This is the first scientific report on the phytochemical isolation and biological evaluation of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Salvia aurita.
Ninon G.E.R Etsassala; Jelili A. Badmus; Jeanine L. Marnewick; Felix Nchu; Ahmed A. Hussein. Alpha-glucosidase and Alpha-amylase Inhibitory Activities, Molecular Docking and Antioxidant Capacities of Salvia Aurita Constituents. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleNinon G.E.R Etsassala, Jelili A. Badmus, Jeanine L. Marnewick, Felix Nchu, Ahmed A. Hussein. Alpha-glucosidase and Alpha-amylase Inhibitory Activities, Molecular Docking and Antioxidant Capacities of Salvia Aurita Constituents. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNinon G.E.R Etsassala; Jelili A. Badmus; Jeanine L. Marnewick; Felix Nchu; Ahmed A. Hussein. 2020. "Alpha-glucosidase and Alpha-amylase Inhibitory Activities, Molecular Docking and Antioxidant Capacities of Salvia Aurita Constituents." , no. : 1.
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), considered one of the most common metabolic disorders, has dramatically increased and resulted in higher rates of morbidity and mortality around the world in the past decade. It is well known that insulin resistance in target tissues and a deficiency in insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are the main characteristics of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was the bio-evaluation of compounds isolated from three selected plant species: namely, Salvia africana-lutea, Leonotis ocymifolia, and Plectranthus madagascariensis, for their glucose-uptake ability. Methanolic extracts were produced from the aerial parts of each plant. Compounds were identified using different spectroscopic techniques. The glucose-uptake ability of each compound was then evaluated in mammalian cells using 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate. The cytotoxicity of each compound was established via the MTT assay. Chromatographic purification of the three plant species yielded sixteen pure terpenoids. Compounds 1 (p = 0.0031), 8 (p = 0.0053), and 6 (p = 0.0086) showed a marked increase in glucose uptake, respectively. Additionally, 1, 4, and 6 exhibited cytotoxicity toward mammalian tissue with a decrease in cell viability of ~70%, ~68%, and ~67%, respectively. The results suggested that several compounds demonstrated a marked increase in glucose uptake, while two of the compounds exhibited signs of cytotoxicity. It may, therefore, be suggested that these compounds be considered as potential candidates for novel plant-derived alternative therapies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Ninon G. E. R. Etsassala; Kadidiatou O. Ndjoubi; Thilly J. Mbira; Brendon Pearce; Keenau Pearce; Emmanuel I. Iwuoha; Ahmed A. Hussein; Mongi Benjeddou. Glucose-Uptake Activity and Cytotoxicity of Diterpenes and Triterpenes Isolated from Lamiaceae Plant Species. Molecules 2020, 25, 4129 .
AMA StyleNinon G. E. R. Etsassala, Kadidiatou O. Ndjoubi, Thilly J. Mbira, Brendon Pearce, Keenau Pearce, Emmanuel I. Iwuoha, Ahmed A. Hussein, Mongi Benjeddou. Glucose-Uptake Activity and Cytotoxicity of Diterpenes and Triterpenes Isolated from Lamiaceae Plant Species. Molecules. 2020; 25 (18):4129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNinon G. E. R. Etsassala; Kadidiatou O. Ndjoubi; Thilly J. Mbira; Brendon Pearce; Keenau Pearce; Emmanuel I. Iwuoha; Ahmed A. Hussein; Mongi Benjeddou. 2020. "Glucose-Uptake Activity and Cytotoxicity of Diterpenes and Triterpenes Isolated from Lamiaceae Plant Species." Molecules 25, no. 18: 4129.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one of the most common metabolic disorders with an elevated morbidity and mortality rate. It is characterised by a deficiency in insulin secretion or degradation of secreted insulin. Many internal and external factors, such as oxidative stress, obesity and sedentary lifestyle, among others, have been suggested as the major causes of these cell alterations. Diabetes I and II are the most common types of diabetes. Treatment of type I requires insulin injection, while type II can be managed using different synthetic antidiabetic agents. However, their effectiveness is limited as a result of low bioavailability, high cost of drug production, and unfavourable side effects. There is a great need to develop alternative and more active antidiabetic drugs from natural sources. Different forms of natural products have been used since time immemorial as a source of medicine for the purpose of curing numerous human diseases, including diabetes. Secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and several other constituents have direct and indirect roles in controlling such diseases; among them, abietane diterpenes have been reported to display a broad spectrum of promising biological activities including diabetes. This review aimed to summarize existing data from SciFinder (2005-2018) on the biological importance of abietane diterpenes in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes and closely related diseases.
Ninon G.E.R. Etsassala; Christopher N. Cupido; Emmanuel I. Iwuoha; Ahmed A. Hussein. Abietane Diterpenes as Potential Candidates for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2020, 26, 2885 -2891.
AMA StyleNinon G.E.R. Etsassala, Christopher N. Cupido, Emmanuel I. Iwuoha, Ahmed A. Hussein. Abietane Diterpenes as Potential Candidates for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2020; 26 (24):2885-2891.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNinon G.E.R. Etsassala; Christopher N. Cupido; Emmanuel I. Iwuoha; Ahmed A. Hussein. 2020. "Abietane Diterpenes as Potential Candidates for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 24: 2885-2891.
The re-investigation of a methanolic extract of Salvia africana-lutea collected from the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa (SA), afforded four new abietane diterpenes, namely 19-acetoxy-12-methoxycarnosic acid (1), 3β-acetoxy-7α-methoxyrosmanol (2), 19-acetoxy-7α-methoxyrosmanol (3), 19-acetoxy-12-methoxy carnosol (4), and two known named clinopodiolides A (5), and B (6), in addition to four known triterpenes, oleanolic, and ursolic acids (7, 8), 11,12-dehydroursolic acid lactone (9) and β-amyrin (10). The chemical structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was determined on the basis of one and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), ultra violet (UV), fourier transform infrared (IR), in comparison with literature data. The in vitro bio-evaluation against alpha-glucosidase showed strong inhibitory activities of 8, 10, and 7, with the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 11.3 ± 1.0, 17.1 ± 1.0 and 22.9 ± 2.0 µg/mL, respectively, while 7 demonstrated the strongest in vitro alpha-amylase inhibitory activity among the tested compounds with IC50 of 12.5 ± 0.7 µg/mL. Additionally, some of the compounds showed significant antioxidant capacities. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of S. africana-lutea is a rich source of terpenoids, especially abietane diterpenes, with strong antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities that can be helpful to modulate the redox status of the body and could therefore be an excellent candidate for the prevention of the development of diabetes, a disease where oxidase stress plays an important role.
Ninon G.E.R. Etsassala; Jelili A. Badmus; Tesfaye T. Waryo; Jeanine L. Marnewick; Christopher N. Cupido; Ahmed A. Hussein; Emmanuel I. Iwuoha. Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Novel Abietane Diterpenes from Salvia africana-lutea. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 421 .
AMA StyleNinon G.E.R. Etsassala, Jelili A. Badmus, Tesfaye T. Waryo, Jeanine L. Marnewick, Christopher N. Cupido, Ahmed A. Hussein, Emmanuel I. Iwuoha. Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Novel Abietane Diterpenes from Salvia africana-lutea. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (10):421.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNinon G.E.R. Etsassala; Jelili A. Badmus; Tesfaye T. Waryo; Jeanine L. Marnewick; Christopher N. Cupido; Ahmed A. Hussein; Emmanuel I. Iwuoha. 2019. "Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Novel Abietane Diterpenes from Salvia africana-lutea." Antioxidants 8, no. 10: 421.
We have investigated the in-vitro antioxidant activity and electrochemical redox properties of a number of natural compounds (carnosol, carnosic acid, 7-ethoxyrosmanol, ursolic acid, rosmanol and ladanein) isolated from the methanolic extract of Salvia chamelaeagnea collected from the Cape floristic region, South Africa. The results from trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric-ion reducing antioxidant parameter (FRAP) oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), as well as the inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation showed strong antioxidant capacities for carnosol and rosmanol. A structural analysis of the compounds suggests that multiple OH substitution, conjugation and lactone ring in carnosol and rosmanol are important determinants of the free radical scavenging activity and electrochemical behavior. Pharmacophore generated demonstrates H-donor/acceptor capabilities of the most active compounds. Rosmanol, when compared to other compounds, exhibits the lowest oxidation potential value with an anodic peak potential (Epa) value of 0.11 V, indicating that rosmanol has the highest antioxidant power, which is in good agreement with ORAC and lipid peroxidation experiments. The lipophilic nature of carnosol, carnosic acid and rosmanol enhanced their absorption and activity against oxidative stress related to the treatment of age-related diseases. These results confirm the first report on the in-vitro antioxidant and electrochemical activities of S. chamelaeagnea constituents and underline the medicinal uses of this plant as natural preservatives for skin ageing or in pharmaceutical applications.
Ninon G.E.R. Etsassala; Adewale O. Adeloye; Ali El-Halawany; Ahmed A. Hussein; Emmanuel I. Iwuoha. Investigation of In-Vitro Antioxidant and Electrochemical Activities of Isolated Compounds from Salvia chamelaeagnea P.J.Bergius Extract. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 98 .
AMA StyleNinon G.E.R. Etsassala, Adewale O. Adeloye, Ali El-Halawany, Ahmed A. Hussein, Emmanuel I. Iwuoha. Investigation of In-Vitro Antioxidant and Electrochemical Activities of Isolated Compounds from Salvia chamelaeagnea P.J.Bergius Extract. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (4):98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNinon G.E.R. Etsassala; Adewale O. Adeloye; Ali El-Halawany; Ahmed A. Hussein; Emmanuel I. Iwuoha. 2019. "Investigation of In-Vitro Antioxidant and Electrochemical Activities of Isolated Compounds from Salvia chamelaeagnea P.J.Bergius Extract." Antioxidants 8, no. 4: 98.
South Africa is a country with a wide variety of plants that may contain excellent anti-tyrosinase inhibitors. With wide applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food products, tyrosinase inhibitors have received very special attention in the recent past as a way of preventing the overproduction of melanin in epidermal layers which often over time brings detrimental effects on human skin. In this present study, a fast screening method using a cyclic voltammetry technique was applied in the evaluation of methanolic extracts of twenty-five species of plants from the Lamiaceae family for anti-tyrosinase activity. Among these plants, those that showed a fast current inhibition rate at a minimum concentration when compared to a kojic acid standard were classified as having the greatest anti-tyrosinase activity. These include Salvia chamelaeagnea, S. dolomitica, Plectranthus ecklonii, P. namaensis, and P. zuluensis. The results presented herein focused in particular on providng firsthand information for further extensive research and exploration of natural product materials with anti-tyrosinase activity from South African flora for use in cosmetics, skin care and medicinal treatments.
Ninon G.E.R. Etsassala; Tesfaye Waryo; Olugbenga K. Popoola; Adewale O. Adeloye; Emmanuel I. Iwuoha; Ahmed A. Hussein. Electrochemical Screening and Evaluation of Lamiaceae Plant Species from South Africa with Potential Tyrosinase Activity. Sensors 2019, 19, 1035 .
AMA StyleNinon G.E.R. Etsassala, Tesfaye Waryo, Olugbenga K. Popoola, Adewale O. Adeloye, Emmanuel I. Iwuoha, Ahmed A. Hussein. Electrochemical Screening and Evaluation of Lamiaceae Plant Species from South Africa with Potential Tyrosinase Activity. Sensors. 2019; 19 (5):1035.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNinon G.E.R. Etsassala; Tesfaye Waryo; Olugbenga K. Popoola; Adewale O. Adeloye; Emmanuel I. Iwuoha; Ahmed A. Hussein. 2019. "Electrochemical Screening and Evaluation of Lamiaceae Plant Species from South Africa with Potential Tyrosinase Activity." Sensors 19, no. 5: 1035.