Yavsan Plateau Nature Park is located in the Onikisubat district of Kahramanmaras province in the Mediterranean Region. The Natural Park and its surroundings, covering an area of 3,480 hectares, 36 km away from Kahramanmaras city center and the environment, due to their natural and cultural resource values, the proposal of the General Directorate of Nature Protection and National Parks was declared as the 39th natural park of the Ministry on 15.12.2009. By recognizing the plant species in Kahramanmaras and surrounding provinces, various arrangements have been made for the promotion and protection of natural resources as well as for the development of nature conservation awareness. Nearly 65 endemic species have been identified and other species are under investigation.In the area, coniferous species of Taurus Fir (Abies cilicica), Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani), larch and juniper, aspen and oak species from leafy species grow naturally in our country. There are wild walnuts in the creek. Yavsan Plateau Nature Park, which is located in the area where Mediterranean, Eastern Anatolia and Southeastern Anatolia Regions approach each other, is rich in natural water resources. The spring waters from Yavsan plateau and its immediate surroundings form Yavsan stream and Pekmez spring.

En tr In order to ensure the sustainability of wildlife, 8 poultry wild animal production centers have been established a degage in production activities by the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs. There is a need to know the natural habitats and reproduction rates of partridges, which are released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and other non-governmental organizations to form the basis for growing partridges and releasing them into the nature. One way of following the partridges produced is through the ring. For this purpose; Ringing is done in poultry production centers. With this study, subjects such as ringing and recycling of clicks released to nature by producing in poultry wild animal production centers were investigated. Yaban hayatının sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak amacıyla Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı’nca 8 adet kanatlı yaban hayvanı üretim merkezi kurulmuş ve üretim faaliyetlerinde bulunmaktadır. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı ve diğer sivil toplum örgütleri tarafından keklik yetiştirip doğaya salma çalışmalarına temel oluşturmak üzere salınan kekliklerin doğal ortamlarında yaşama ve üreme oranlarının bilinmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Üretilen kekliklerin takiplerinin bir yolu ise halkama yolu ile yapılmaktadır. Bu maksatla; kanatlı yaban hayvanı üretim merkezlerinde halkalama yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile kanatlı yaban hayvanı üretim merkezlerinde üretilerek doğaya salınan kekliklerin halkalanması ve geri dönüşümü gibi konular araştırılmıştır.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of species on the macro and mineral profiles of some shrub leaves used for small ruminant animals in Turkey. Species had a significant effect on the macro and micro mineral profiles of shrub laeves. Calcium (Ca) contents of forages varied from 5.6 to 21.2 g/kg DM, with highest being for Rosa canina and lowest for Arbutus andrachne and Quercus coccifera. Phosphorus (P) contents of shrub leaves ranged from 1.1 to 2.1 g/kg DM with highest being for Arbutus unedo and Rosa canina and the lowest for Arbutus andrachne. The magnesium (mg) content of forages ranged from 1.9 to 5.5 g/DM, with the highest being for Pistacia lentiscus and the lowest for Quercus coccifera. The potassium (K) content of forages ranged from 4.1 to 10.3 g/kg DM. The K contents of Pistacia lentiscus and Arbutus unedo were significantly higher than the other shrub leaves. The iron (Fe) content of shrub leaves ranged from 105.2 to 458.5 mg/kg DM. The Fe content of Pistacia lentiscus was significantly higher than the other shrub leaves. The zinc (Zn) contents of shrub leaves ranged from 15.5 to 36.0 mg/kg DM. The Zn content of Quercus coccifera was significantly higher than the other shrubs. Copper (cu) contents of forages varied widely from 3.0 to 6.7 mg/kg DM, with the highest being for Arbutus unedo and Quercus coccifera. The manganese (Mn) content of forages varied from 10.5 to 113.0 mg/kg DM, with the highest being for Arbutus unedo and the lowest for Rosmarinus officinalis. As a conclusion, shrubs’ leaves have a significant amount of macro and micro minerals to support the growth and production of lamb and sheep, although the shrubs leaves’ studied in the current experiment are not adequate to meet the dietary Cu requirement of lamb and sheep.

Sustainably utilizing natural resources would provide sustainable livelihoods for agrarian communities in developing countries. Using alternative and more efficient methods to utilize natural resources will probably serve to achieve this goal. Ensiling grass in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey is assumed to provide an alternative roughage fodder source for the animal husbandry sector which has faced dramatic declines for the last decades. This study investigated the possibilities of preparing and adopting grass silage in the region where drying grass to provide roughages for winter feeding is troublesome due to the heavily rainy climate during the harvest season. The study was organized in two broad sections; (1) socioeconomic survey and (2) ensiling process for roughage fodder provision. In the first section, socioeconomic characteristics of livestock farmers, farming practices applied, problems encountered by farmers, and awareness level about grass silage in the region were investigated. In the second section, a silage preparation process was carried out by (1) harvesting and ensiling of grass, (2) determination of the composition of grass silages, and (3) determination of aerobic stabilities of silages. Results showed that livestock farmers in the region have small numbers of animals and operate conventionally, farmers tend to be older, hold an elementary school degree, and are mostly not open to innovations. They face serious problems with drying their grass to provide roughage fodders and lack information about this technology. The ensiling process revealed favorable results that grass produced in the region can be successfully turned into silage. The quality can further be increased with some additives. The study concludes that to sustainably utilize the regional grasslands, awareness-raising campaigns and extension programs for ensiling technology should be organized.

Çalışmada, farklı illerden (Kırıkkale, Kırşehir, Sivas, Tokat ve Yozgat) mayıs ayında hasat edilen madımak (Polygonum cognatum meissn) otlarının kimyasal kompozisyonları, nispi yem değerleri (NYD), in vitro gaz üretimi (GÜ), metabolik enerji (ME) ve organik madde sindirim derecesini (OMSD) saptamak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Madımak otlarının kimyasal içeriklerinde önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (P<0.001) İç Anadolu Bölgesinde hasat edilen madımak otlarının ham protein içerikleri (HP) %22.83 -27.98 arasında bulunmuştur. Madımak otlarının nötral deterjan lifi (NDF) ve asit deterjan lifi (ADF) değerleri sırasıyla %37.53 - 41.53 ve %28.64 - 31.21 arasında saptanmıştır. Madımak otlarının nispi yem değerleri (NYD) 144.14 – 165.05, metabolik enerji (ME) 8.18 – 9.37 MJ/kg KM-1 ve organik madde sindirim dereceleri (OMSD) %62.68 - 70.37 arasında bulunmuştur. Kırşehir ilinden hasat edilen madımak otu HP oranı %28.70, Tokat ilinden hasat edilen madımak otunun NDF oranı %37.53, ADF oranı %28,64 ve Kırıkkale ilinden hasat edilen madımak otunun NYD’ i 165,05 bulunmuştur. Gaz üretimleri açısından Kırşehir ili 31.46 ml, metan üretim oranı (CH4) bakımından Kırıkkale ili %13.07 ile öne çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak farklı illerden hasat edilen madımak otlarının potansiyel bir kaba yem kaynağı olabileceği ve yem tüketim miktarları üzerine etkilerini görmek için in vivo çalışmalara gereksinim olduğu söylenebilmektedir.

The aim of current experiment was to determine the effect of replacement of alfalfa hay with ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) hay in ruminant diets on the fermentation parameters such as gas production, methane (CH₄) production, true digestible dry matter (TDDM), true digestibility (TD), partitioning factor, microbial protein, and efficiency of microbial protein using in vitro gas production technique. The alfalfa hay was replaced with P. lanceolata hay in a diets isocaloric (2650 kcal/kg DM) and nitrogenic (17% CP kg DM) at the ratio of 0, 5, 10 and 15%. Partial substitution of alfalfa hay with P. lanceolata hay had no significant effect on gas and methane (ml/incubated substrate or %) production whereas the partial substitution had a significant effect on TDDM, TD, gas (ml/digested DM), CH₄ (ml ml/digested DM) and microbial MP of diets. The replacement of alfalfa hay with ribwort plantain hay shifted the fermentation pattern from gas and methane production to microbial protein production. Therefore alfalfa hay can be replaced with ribwort plantain hay with high digestibility and anti-methanogenic potential in ruminant diets up to 15% to decrease methane production and improve microbial protein production. However further in vivo experiments are required to determine the effect of replacement on feed intake and animal production.