Background and Objectives: To evaluate urinary incontinence (UI) and its effect on quality of life (QoL) in male stroke patients. Materials and Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 103 adult male stroke survivors. The individuals’ degree of disability was evaluated using the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) and Barthel Index (BI). The UI assessment was performed with the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7). In addition, the QoL was questioned with EuroQoL 5-Dimension 3-Level (EQ-5D-3L)”. Results: The mean age of the participants was 68.4 ± 9.9 years. The average scores of the IIQ-7 and UDI-6 were 9.7 ± 7.2 and 36.6 ± 26.3, respectively. According to these scores, both UI questionnaire results were slightly above the reference cut-off value. According to the UDI-6 scores, 52.4% of the participants exhibited symptoms, while 55.3% demonstrated symptoms according to the IIQ-7 scores. The IIQ-7 was strongly correlated with the MRS (p < 0.001, r = 0.740), BI (p < 0.001, r = −0.770), EQ-5D-3L Index (p < 0.001, r = −0.804), and EQ-5D-3L VAS (p < 0.001, r = −0.679) scores. In addition, the UDI-6 was strongly correlated with the MRS (p < 0.001, r = 0.697), BI (p < 0.001, r = −0.730), EQ-5D-3L Index (p < 0.001, r = −0.726), and EQ-5D-3L VAS (p < 0.001, r = −0.623) scores. Furthermore, the IIQ-7 and UDI-6 scores were statistically higher in patients with cortical-level involvement (p < 0.05). Regression results showed that the IIQ-7 was associated with the MRS, BI, EQ-5D-3L Index, and EQ-5D-3L VAS scores (R² = 0.627, p < 0.001). Similarly, the UDI-6 was significantly associated with the MRS, BI, EQ-5D-3L Index, and EQ-5D-3L VAS scores in a multiple hierarchical regression model (R² = 0.423, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The severity of UI was classified as high. As expected, UI was higher in individuals with increased disability. The QoL of individuals with UI is more negatively affected. Finally, the severity of UI was higher in individuals with cortical stroke.

Large language models are increasingly used as supportive tools in medical education; however, their reliability in anatomically based clinical reasoning r

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to assess the association between classification systems for proximal femur fractures and mid-term mortality in elderly patients, focusing on their clinical and anatomical aspects. Materials and methods: Radiological images of patients aged 65 years and older who underwent surgical procedures for proximal femur fractures were reviewed. Various classification systems were applied, including Anatomical, Pipkin, Garden, Evans-Jensen, Seinsheimer, and AO/OTA classifications. Electronic hospital records provided patient data, and statistical analyses were performed. Results: The study included 298 patients, and the mean age was 81.7±7.3 years, and 63,1% were female. Median length of stay in hospital 7(1-63) days, 19.1% requiring intensive care, and a 13.8% mortality rate within 3 months. Patients were distributed based on anatomical classification, and the distribution of intracapsular and extracapsular fractures according to clinical classifications was detailed. The findings suggest that proximal femur fracture classification systems do not significantly influence mortality rates (p=0.787). Conclusion: Anatomical classification systems may be favored for their simplicity and potential to establish a common language among healthcare professionals. This study provides valuable insights into proximal femur fractures in elderly patients, informing clinical practice.

: The median nerve (MN) is a main peripheral nerve that includes superficial motor and sensory fibers in the distal forearm. The proximity of the MN to the forearm muscle tendons and neurovascular structures enhances its clinical significance. The safety of invasive procedures in this area relies on a thorough understanding of the nerve morphometric characteristics. However, commonly used superficial anatomical landmarks may not provide the same reliability for every individual. This study aimed to precisely identify the morphometric features of the MN in the distal forearm by using fixed bony landmarks and to evaluate its positional relationships with nearby anatomical structures. Measurements of the length, width, surface area, and distances from the MN to the ulnar styloid process, radial styloid process, flexor carpi radialis tendon, and ulnar nerve were measured by dissecting the forearms of 31 formalin-fixed cadavers. Differences in gender and side were evaluated, along with the connections between wrist width and various morphometric parameters. There was no statistically significant difference between genders or sides. Without regard to sex or side, the mean distance from the MN to the radial styloid process was 20.97 ± 3.02 mm, to the ulnar styloid process was 19.44 ± 4.83 mm, and to the flexor carpi radialis tendon was 3.83 ± 0.96 mm. The mean surface area of the nerve was 1.49 ± 0.63 cm ² . Median nerve-ulnar nerve distance was 12.09 ± 3.77 mm, and it remained within a narrow range. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between wrist width and both nerve length and surface area. The morphometric features of the MN in the distal forearm consistently align with bone landmarks, making these structures a more reliable guide than variable superficial tendon references. These data will contribute scientific knowledge to improve the safety of interventional methods, particularly in distal forearm and hand surgery. However, as these findings are based on cadaveric specimens, their direct clinical applicability should be interpreted with caution and warrants further validation in living subjects.

Formaldehyde (FA) or formaldehyde solution, whose industrial name is formalin ad systematic name is methanal (CH2O), is an organic compound in the aldehyde structure. Industrially, FA is used for its preservative and sterilizing agent properties. Fish farms use FA solutions against bacterial diseases in juvenile fish, protect to fish, and for disinfection purposes. Although FA is a frequently used substance in the industrial, laboratory, and cosmetic fields, the literature is very scare in terms of toxic doses or symptoms in cases of oral intakes. This case describes the clinical course and wrong mismanagement acute oral FA ingesting.