This article presents the results of a study on the prevalence and predisposition to cholecystitis in dogs in Kostanay from 2022 to 2024. The objective of the study was to analyze the distribution of the disease considering seasonal, age, sex, and breed-related factors. An analysis of 1,200 clinical cases registered in three veterinary institutions in the city was conducted. It was established that cholecystitis (both acute and chronic) is diagnosed in dogs with gallbladder pathologies, accounting for 2.5% of all diseases. The highest incidence occurred in autumn (44.4%) and spring (34.7%). Dogs under 5 years of age were most susceptible. Male dogs were diagnosed nearly twice as often as female ones. The greatest number of cases occurred in mixed-breed and toy breed dogs, possibly due to differences in care, diet, and physiological sensitivity. The results emphasize the importance of comprehensive diagnostics, including ultrasound and laboratory testing, and the need for targeted preventive measures based on breed, age, and sex. These findings can be applied in clinical practice to improve the detection and prevention of gallbladder diseases in dogs.

The article presents the results of a study on the biochemical blood profile of Holstein cows from the breeding herd of “Saryagash” LLP, Kostanay region. The research was conducted on clinically healthy animals (n = 19), divided into six age groups depending on the number of calvings (from the 1st to the 8th). The biochemical analysis included indicators of protein, mineral, and energy metabolism, as well as enzymatic activity and pigment exchange. The average values of protein metabolism were within the normal range (total protein – 77.14±2.89 g/l, albumin – 3.19±0.09 g/dl, urea – 12.5±0.75 mg/dl). Mineral metabolism was characterized by physiological concentrations of calcium (2.25±0.09 mmol/l), phosphorus (1.48±0.06 mmol/l), and magnesium (1.02±0.04 mmol/l), while in older groups a tendency towards a decrease in Ca and P levels was observed. In energy metabolism, glucose (2.77±0.31 mmol/l), cholesterol (86.7±7.4 mmol/l), and creatinine (1.23±0.05 mg/dl) remained within physiological limits. Alkaline phosphatase activity (84.0±8.6 U/L) and total bilirubin level (8.6±2.5 µmol/l) were also within normal ranges. Thus, the biochemical blood profile of Holstein cows across all six age groups generally corresponds to physiological standards; however, in animals with 6–8 calvings, signs of age-related metabolic changes were detected.

The article presents the results of studies of morphometric parameters of the reproductive system in cows. It was found that the diameter of the left horn in the bifurcation area significantly exceeds the diameter of the right horn of the uterus. The length of the uterus sections is 28.53% (left) and 29.68% (right) in relation to the total length of the egg ducts. The length of the uterine horns is 34% (left) and 32.52% (right), the body of the uterus is 6.53%, the neck is 2.31%, the vagina is 28.63% - 28.8%. The length of the left ovipositor in cows is less than the right ovipositor by 9.69%, and the length of the left uterine horn exceeded the indicator in the right by 9.53%. The diameter of the left egg duct is expanded in the caudal direction. The right ovipositor is narrowed in the medial area, and has no significant differences in width in the cranial and caudal parts. In the caudal direction, the diameter of the uterine horns increases. At the same time, the width of the left uterine horn is greater than the width of the right one in the middle by 7.33%, and in the caudal by 4.43%. The body and cervix are rectangular in shape. The widest part of the vagina is cranial. The vagina narrows in the caudal direction. The thickness of the wall of the horns and the body of the uterus is uneven. Areas with a thinner wall predominate. The mucous, submucosal and muscular layers of the left uterine horn are inferior by 21.97%, 33.3% and 20.79% to the corresponding indicators in the right uterine horn.

В статье представлены результаты распространения саркоцистоза собак и кошек в животноводческих хозяйствах восточной и западной зон Костанайской области. Ранее проведенными исследованиями образцов мышц крупного рогатого скота было установлено, что наиболее высокая экстенсивность инвазии отмечена в четырех районах области (96% и 100% соответственно), однако у коров в западной зоне и у бычков в восточной зоне отмечалась очень сильная интенсивность инвазии (от 207 до 279 цист). Копрологические исследования проводились в период с мая по июнь месяцы 2023 года. Были исследованы фекалии у собак и кошек отобранных непосредственно в хозяйствах с зараженным поголовьем крупного рогатого скота. Исследования фекалий собак показали 100%-ную их зараженность. Интенсивность инвазии в мае месяце варьировала от 10 до 27 экземпляров, в июне месяце в пределах 11…32 экземпляров в 1 грамме фекалий. В фекалиях кошек яйца паразита не обнаружены. Впервые изучены распространённость саркоцистоза у собак и определены взаимосвязь заражения промежуточных и дефинитивных хозяев в животноводческих хозяйствах двух районов Костанайской области.

The article presents the results of treatment of colic in horses. Based on the study, we selected 139 horses brought to the clinic with symptoms of colic. A clinical study was conducted analyzing the data contained in the patient data system. We assessed the age and sex of the animals, analyzed seasonality and the months when the first symptoms appeared, and also systematized data on the disease and the final diagnosis. We analyzed the treatment methods used and their effectiveness. Treatment included drugs and combination of drug and surgical interventions. In all cases, symptomatic therapy was used. Gastrointestinal diseases are common in horses and are the most popular cause of emergency room visits. The concept of distress is very broad and is defined as a set of symptoms experienced by an animal when it feels abdominal pain. When colic occurs, horses exhibit some clinical signs such as rolling on the ground, stretching and kicking themselves in the abdomen, sweating, increased body temperature, frequent standing up and lying down, and increased heart and respiratory rates. The purpose of our collaborative study is to identify risk factors predisposing to colic in horses admitted to the clinic between 2021 and 2023.

Background and Aim. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic skin disorder in dogs and is often difficult to diagnose due to overlapping clinical signs with other dermatological conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical and epidemiological features, diagnostic approaches, and comparative effectiveness of modern anti pruritic therapies in a clinical setting. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted between 2022 and 2024 at the “VetAlliance” veterinary clinic in Kostanay, Kazakhstan. Out of 482 dogs presenting with dermatological complaints, 53 dogs with chronic pruritus (>6 weeks), meeting ≥5 Favrot criteria, and free from parasitic, infectious, or endocrine diseases were included. Diagnostic evaluation included history-taking via standardized questionnaires, clinical examination, CADLI and PVAS scoring, Favrot criteria assessment, cytology, and serological testing for allergen-specific IgE in 18 dogs. Dogs were allocated to three therapeutic groups: monoclonal antibodies (Lokivetmab/Cytopoint), JAK inhibitor (Oclacitinib/Apoquel), and prednisolone. Clinical signs were assessed on days 0, 14, 28, and 56. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis tests, and odds ratios, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results. AD was confirmed in 53 of 482 dogs (~11%), predominantly in females (58.5%) aged 3-4 years. French Bulldogs and West Highland White Terriers were the most frequently affected purebred dogs. Secondary infections with Staphylococcus spp. and Malassezia spp. were detected in 43.4% and 15.1% of cases respectively. All three treatments significantly reduced pruritus and skin lesions. Lokivetmab and prednisolone provided more rapid initial improvement, while comparable clinical efficacy among all treatments was observed by day 30. Conclusion. Canine AD is a multifactorial allergic disease requiring a comprehensive diagnostic approach, including history, clinical evaluation, PVAS/CADLI scoring, Favrot criteria assessment, and cytological analysis. Treatment should be individualized according to disease severity and patient characteristics, utilizing modern anti–pruritic agents–monoclonal antibodies, JAK inhibitors, or prednisolone–combined with regular monitoring, risk factor management, and owner education to ensure long-term disease control.