Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW) are two multifactorial pathological conditions that have been increasing in prevalence worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate how various sociodemographic variables and healthy habits are associated with the presence or absence of MetS and HTW. Methodology: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, consisting of a retrospective longitudinal study and a cross-sectional descriptive study, analyzing 44,939 healthcare workers with MS and HTW across four professional categories to evaluate the relationship between age, sex, smoking, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet using three diagnostic criteria. Descriptive analysis included categorical and quantitative variables, which were assessed through frequencies, Student’s t-test, chi-square, and binary logistic regression models. Logistic regression and Cohen’s kappa were used to evaluate associations and concordances. Age, sex, and lack of physical activity showed the strongest associations with MetS (OR: 2.65–2.84). The results highlight the importance of physical activity and other factors in metabolic prevention. Results: Age, sex, and physical activity were the variables most strongly associated with MetS and HTW across the three evaluated diagnostic criteria. The odds ratios revealed significant values: age (9.07–13.71 for MetS and 13.42 for HTW), sex (2.82–3.31 for MetS and 3.72 for HTW), and physical activity (2.65–2.84 for MetS and 2.40 for HTW). Conclusions: The risk of developing MetS and HTW among healthcare personnel is influenced by lifestyle habits, sex, and age, with the highest ORs observed in nursing assistants and orderlies. Future research that delves deeper into the causal relationship between lifestyle factors and the severity of MetS and HTW in healthcare personnel will improve understanding and facilitate the development of preventive activities to reduce their incidence.

Introduction: Metabolic age (MA) is the difference between an individual’s actual age and the age of their body based on physiological and biological factors. It is an indicator that reflects a person’s physical and biological state, regardless of chronological age. Insulin resistance (IR) is a health disorder in which tissues exhibit a reduced response to the circulating glucose uptake stimulated by insulin. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between MA, determined through bioelectrical impedance analysis, and the risk of IR, assessed using validated scales, in a cohort of Spanish workers. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 8590 Spanish workers to assess the association between MA and a set of sociodemographic variables, health habits, and IR risk scales such as the Triglyceride–Glucose Index (TyG Index), Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR), and Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE). Results: All analyzed variables were associated with MA values, with the strongest associations observed for IR risk scale values (OR 4.88 [95% CI 4.12–5.65] for METS-IR, 4.42 [95% CI 3.70–5.15] for SPISE, and 3.42 [95% CI 2.97–3.87] for the TyG Index) and physical activity. Conclusions: Metabolic age is influenced by sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, and social class; health habits such as smoking, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet; and by IR risk scale values.

Background: Alcohol consumption is a major public health concern, influencing metabolic health and insulin resistance (IR). While moderate alcohol intake has been associated with potential metabolic benefits, excessive consumption is linked to IR and related disorders. This study examines the association between sociodemographic variables, health habits, and IR risk using validated metabolic indices. Methods: A dual-phase study was conducted, including a cross-sectional analysis of 139,634 Spanish workers and a retrospective longitudinal follow-up of 40,431 participants (2009–2019). Data on sociodemographic factors (age, sex and socioeconomic status) and health habits (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and physical activity) were collected through standardized occupational health assessments. IR risk was assessed using the Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG), Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR), and Single-Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE-IR). Binary logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. Results: Age, male sex, lower socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet were significantly associated with higher IR risk across all indices (p < 0.001). Alcohol consumption exhibited a dose-dependent relationship with IR, with excessive intake significantly increasing the risk of IR. Longitudinal data revealed a worsening IR profile over time, particularly among older, low-income and physically inactive individuals. Conclusions: Sociodemographic factors and lifestyle habits strongly influence IR. Preventive strategies focused on reducing alcohol consumption, smoking cessation and promoting physical activity and dietary improvements are essential to mitigate the risk of IR, especially in vulnerable populations. Further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal relationships and refine intervention strategies.

Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is a highly prevalent pathophysiological entity implicated in the development of a wide variety of metabolic, cardiovascular, and endocrine disorders. The aim of this study is to assess the association between sociodemographic variables and healthy habits with IR risk scales. Methodology: This dual study, incorporating both longitudinal-retrospective and cross-sectional designs, analyzed healthcare workers across four professional categories (physicians, nurses, healthcare technicians, and auxiliary personnel). It examined the association of age, sex, professional category, smoking status, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet with elevated scores on insulin resistance risk scales. Results: All the variables analyzed were associated with the presence of elevated values of the IR scales, with age, sex, and physical activity showing the strongest association (reflected in the odds ratio values). Conclusions: The profile of an individual with a higher risk of presenting elevated values of the IR risk scales would be an elderly male auxiliary health worker who is a smoker and is physically inactive, with a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

Background and Objectives: The accumulation of fat in the body, especially visceral fat, is associated with various cardiometabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and fatty liver. The reasons for the accumulation of this fat are diverse. Some studies, also in the working population, have shown a clear association between sociodemographic variables and health habits with scales that assess overweight and obesity. This study aims to determine how certain sociodemographic variables, such as age, gender, and socioeconomic level, as well as certain healthy habits like physical activity and tobacco consumption, affect the levels of body and visceral fat. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive and cross-sectional study involving 8590 Spanish workers. The percentage of body and visceral fat was measured using a bioimpedance analysis with a Tanita DC 430MA device. Results: Both the average values and the prevalence of elevated body and visceral fat increase with age and decrease with social class and lower levels of physical activity. These values are higher in smokers. A multivariate analysis shows that the variables most influential in increasing the risk of high levels of both body and visceral fat are age and low levels of physical activity. Conclusions: The profile of a person at high risk of having elevated body and visceral fat levels is an older male with a low socioeconomic status who smokes and leads a sedentary lifestyle.