Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW) are two multifactorial pathological conditions that have been increasing in prevalence worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate how various sociodemographic variables and healthy habits are associated with the presence or absence of MetS and HTW. Methodology: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, consisting of a retrospective longitudinal study and a cross-sectional descriptive study, analyzing 44,939 healthcare workers with MS and HTW across four professional categories to evaluate the relationship between age, sex, smoking, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet using three diagnostic criteria. Descriptive analysis included categorical and quantitative variables, which were assessed through frequencies, Student’s t-test, chi-square, and binary logistic regression models. Logistic regression and Cohen’s kappa were used to evaluate associations and concordances. Age, sex, and lack of physical activity showed the strongest associations with MetS (OR: 2.65–2.84). The results highlight the importance of physical activity and other factors in metabolic prevention. Results: Age, sex, and physical activity were the variables most strongly associated with MetS and HTW across the three evaluated diagnostic criteria. The odds ratios revealed significant values: age (9.07–13.71 for MetS and 13.42 for HTW), sex (2.82–3.31 for MetS and 3.72 for HTW), and physical activity (2.65–2.84 for MetS and 2.40 for HTW). Conclusions: The risk of developing MetS and HTW among healthcare personnel is influenced by lifestyle habits, sex, and age, with the highest ORs observed in nursing assistants and orderlies. Future research that delves deeper into the causal relationship between lifestyle factors and the severity of MetS and HTW in healthcare personnel will improve understanding and facilitate the development of preventive activities to reduce their incidence.

Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is a highly prevalent pathophysiological entity implicated in the development of a wide variety of metabolic, cardiovascular, and endocrine disorders. The aim of this study is to assess the association between sociodemographic variables and healthy habits with IR risk scales. Methodology: This dual study, incorporating both longitudinal-retrospective and cross-sectional designs, analyzed healthcare workers across four professional categories (physicians, nurses, healthcare technicians, and auxiliary personnel). It examined the association of age, sex, professional category, smoking status, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet with elevated scores on insulin resistance risk scales. Results: All the variables analyzed were associated with the presence of elevated values of the IR scales, with age, sex, and physical activity showing the strongest association (reflected in the odds ratio values). Conclusions: The profile of an individual with a higher risk of presenting elevated values of the IR risk scales would be an elderly male auxiliary health worker who is a smoker and is physically inactive, with a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the major public health concerns worldwide due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. This situation has necessitated the development of tools to assess cardiovascular risk (CVR) in order to prevent the onset of CVD. The aim of this study is to assess how sociodemographic variables and health habits are associated with the values of CVR scales, such as REGICOR, SCORE2, and vascular age. Methodology: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study involving 44,939 Spanish healthcare workers, where the association between age, sex, type of work, smoking, physical activity, and Mediterranean diet with CVR scales such as REGICOR, SCORE2, and vascular age was evaluated. Results: All the variables analyzed showed an association with the occurrence of moderate-high values in all three CVR scales. Age was the variable that showed the highest odds ratio values: 13.446 (95% CI 11.16–14.77) for REGICOR, 13.90 (95% CI 12.01–15.81) for vascular age, and 14.12 (95% CI 12.01–16.23) for SCORE2. Conclusions: The profile of a healthcare worker with the highest risk of presenting moderate-high values on all three CVR scales would be a male over 60 years old, a nursing assistant or orderly, a smoker, sedentary, and with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

Background: Physical-sports habits in adulthood constitute one of the predictors of physical, psychological and social health within healthy lifestyles. Methods: The Acquired Healthy Lifestyle Assessment Scale was applied to a sample of 788 subjects between the ages of 22 and 72 and the dimension that makes up physical-sports practice habits was analyzed. Results: 74.4% of adults have habits of physical sports practice that are not healthy or unhealthy, 18.8% tend towards health and only 6.9% are healthy. Pearson's 2 tests show a significant association between men and healthy habits, without observing changes associated with the age variable. The t-student and one-factor ANOVA tests confirm the relationship between the level of health and physical-sports practice habits depending on sex and age. Conclusions: It is necessary to promote preventive programs to increase participation in the practice of physical and sports exercise in the adult population that has unhealthy or unhealthy levels of lifestyle.

Background: Normal body mass index (BMI) does not necessarily indicate normal adiposity, and individuals with normal-weight obesity (NWO) may exhibit cardiometabolic abnormalities that remain undetected by BMI-based classification. We examined the cardiometabolic phenotype associated with NWO among adults with normal BMI, with particular attention to sex-related heterogeneity and the discriminatory ability of simple anthropometric measures. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 44,939 Spanish healthcare workers. NWO was defined as BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m² combined with high or very high body-fat percentage according to sex- and age-specific classification. The primary analytical sample comprised 19,824 participants with normal BMI and either normal adiposity (n=19,040) or NWO (n=784). Cardiometabolic characteristics included glycaemic, lipid, blood-pressure, insulin-resistance-related, and metabolic-syndrome measures. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between NWO and cardiometabolic abnormalities, including NWO × sex interactions. Receiver operating characteristic analyses evaluated the ability of BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) to discriminate NWO. Results: NWO was present in 3.10% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.89–3.32%) of participants with normal BMI and was more prevalent in men than women (5.43% vs. 2.35%). Compared with normal adiposity, NWO was characterized by greater central adiposity, higher fasting glucose and insulin-resistance-related indices, lower HDL-C, and a more atherogenic lipid profile. At least one abnormal cardiometabolic domain was present in 53.1% of participants with NWO versus 29.2% with normal adiposity. After multivariable adjustment, NWO was associated with ≥1 abnormal domain (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.24; 95% CI, 1.93–2.60), ≥2 abnormal domains (aOR 1.76; 95% CI, 1.36–2.29), elevated triglyceride-glucose index (aOR 3.28; 95% CI, 2.61–4.11), elevated low-density/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (aOR 3.45; 95% CI, 2.87–4.15), and elevated triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (aOR 2.72; 95% CI, 2.18–3.38). Several associations differed by sex. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, waist circumference showed the highest discrimination overall (area under the curve [AUC] 0.776; 95% CI, 0.756–0.795) and among men (AUC 0.836; 95% CI, 0.812–0.858), whereas BMI showed the highest discrimination among women (AUC 0.757; 95% CI, 0.733–0.780). Conclusions: Among Spanish healthcare workers with normal BMI, NWO identified a subgroup with greater concurrent cardiometabolic abnormality burden, particularly involving glycaemic, insulin-resistance-related, and atherogenic characteristics. Associations and anthropometric discrimination differed by sex, highlighting heterogeneity within the conventional normal-BMI category. Prospective studies are needed to determine the prognostic relevance of these phenotypes.