An osteoma is a benign tumor of bone with unknown etiology and is considered rare, mostly restricted to the craniofacial skeleton. This case report describes an uncommon condylar osteoma in a 67 years old white female patient with laterognathism to the left side, limited mouth opening, aesthetic change and pain associated with the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The histopathological examination confirmed osteoma. The lesion was surgically excised and immediate reconstruction was carried out using a custom-made total TMJ prosthesis. The patient has been in follow-up for 2 years, with no symptoms. Unilateral total TMJ prosthesis can be considered to replacement of TMJ after osteoma excision with resection of the condyle.

Current instrumentation systems cannot fully prepare oval root canal systems. This may cause accumulation of hard tissue debris and fail to eliminate bacteria from areas inaccessible to instrumentation, which could perpetuate periapical inflammation and jeopardize the success of endodontic treatment. Aim: To evaluate the performance of two endodontic systems in oval canals by investigating the changes in volume, unprepared areas, and centering ability of XP-endo Shaper (XPS) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) in oval canals using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Materials and Method: Thirty mandibular canines were scanned before and after preparation with WOG (25/.07 and 35/.06) or XPS (30/.01) to evaluate the volume, surface area, and canal centralization at 4 mm and 10 mm from the apical foramen. Results: Volume and surface area increased significantly after preparation with both systems (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the unprepared areas, regarding either the entire canal (26.21% for WOG and 30.10% for XPS), or the apical segment (18.82% for WOG and 14.63% for XPS) (p >0.05). Conclusions: Both systems maintained canal centralization, with no difference between them. XPS and WOG had similar shaping abilities in the mandibular canine, but left almost one third of the unprepared areas.

The aim of this study was to investigate the internal root canal anatomy of maxillary and mandibular premolars in a Brazilian subpopulation, in order to establish the prevalence of the different configurations proposed by Vertucci. Three hundred and ninety-eight cone-beam computed tomography scans were collected from a private imaging clinic database in Rio de Janeiro, including 217 maxillary and 226 mandibular scans. A total 1316 premolars (594 maxillary and 722 mandibular) were evaluated using an image viewer, and classified according to Vertucci. Two calibrated examiners determined the frequency of each morphological Type. A third examiner reviewed discordant cases. The Kappa test was applied to verify inter-rater agreement, and Fisher’s Exact Test to verify gender-related differences. The most frequent root canal configurations of maxillary first and second premolars were Type IV (73.86%) and Type I (47.18%), respectively. Type I was the most prevalent in mandibular first and second premolars (80.59% and 95.86%, respectively). Only Types I and VIII presented a statistically significant difference between sexes. Type I was more frequent in females and Type VIII in males. A highly significant frequency of Type I was found in both mandibular first and second premolars, whereas the most frequent maxillary premolar root canal configuration was Type IV for first premolars and Type I for second premolars.

Apical periodontitis may be associated with odontogenic sinusitis in cases where the apex of the root is close to, or even within, the maxillary sinus. This study investigated the anatomical relationship between the cortical sinus floor and the root apices of maxillary molars in relation to age and gender. Two hundred cone-beam computed tomography exams (FOV 5 × 5 cm or 8 × 8 cm) were evaluated to determine the proximity of the roots of the molars to the maxillary sinus, according to age group and gender. The maxillary second molar is the tooth with the closest contact with the maxillary sinus, mainly the mesial–buccal root. In maxillary first molars, the palatal root is the nearest one and sometimes lies inside the sinus. Considering the age factor, in the elderly group, lower distances were found for all roots for the male group. In the elderly group, the only difference was found in the female distobuccal root of tooth 16, which was found to be shorter than the males (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the distance between the cortical bone of the maxillary sinus and the root apices varies considerably, and smaller distances were found in older females and for the upper second molar, especially the mesial–buccal root.

The endodontic treatment of teeth presenting with calcified pulp is associated with significant technical difficulties. Aim: To evaluate the success rate of the guided access technique for root canals using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) between 2019 and 2021. Material and Method: The study selected cases of anterior and posterior teeth with severe pulp calcification, totaling 100 teeth including 59 incisors, 2 canines, 8 premolars, and 31 molars. CBCT scans were performed for all patients, and a virtual burr path was planned on a computer screen to guide the drill to the beginning of the root canal. The virtual drill path was delineated based on axial and cross-sectional tomographic data, and a template was fabricated using Computer Numerical Control (CNC) technology. Success was determined by reaching the canal lumen without deviation from the original path. Results: The success rate of the guided access technique was 99.1%, with calcification diagnosed in 48.7% of cases. Clinical history revealed deep restoration and necrosis in 34.8% of cases, and trauma in 34.8%. In 65.2% of cases, an attempt was made before referral for guided access. Conclusion: The guided access technique demonstrated high success rates, particularly when appropriately indicated. Clinical relevance: Guided access technique provides a reliable option for managing calcified root canals, thereby improving treatment outcomes.