In this paper, a new tunable LED chip-on-board (COB) module is designed, providing the opportunity to adjust the color temperature for warm or white lighting, depending on the activities carried out by the users. The distribution of LEDs on the metal core is analyzed to determine an appropriate operating temperature during operation. This thermal improvement is achieved by increasing the gap between the die chips on the metal core, which allows for an increased exposed area for convection. Additionally, uniform lighting distribution is achieved in accordance with photometric tests conducted in an integrating sphere. A numerical model is proposed and solved using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to predict the temperature distribution over the COB LED. Subsequently, a prototype of the COB module is manufactured to perform measurements and test its performance during operation. The measurements are conducted using an infrared (IR) camera and thermocouples to obtain temperature profiles and identify critical hot spots during operation. The numerical model is validated and confirmed to be a reliable tool for evaluating predicted temperature models. The prototype meets all the thermal and photometric parameters required for reliable operation.

The effect of parameters such as angle of attack, flow velocity, and electrolyte concentration (saline solution) on the extent of material degradation, as well as the morphology and depth of corrosion pits in an airfoil made of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy, was studied in detail. An orthogonal L9 design of experiments (Taguchi method) was applied to promote high pitting corrosion through the quality characteristic “the higher the better”. Potentiodynamic curves of the three experiments with low, medium, and high saline concentration were obtained through the CorrTest CS350 equipment. The above allowed the determination of the electrochemical corrosion parameters under static test conditions. The corroded airfoils were analyzed using light optical microscopy (LOM). In addition, the roughness measurements correlated with the extent of the degraded surface. A complete pit shape and depth characterization was obtained by applying mechanical ground, surface wear level monitoring (every 0.01 mm), and LOM observations. Pitting defects (depth and morphology) and mechanical strength reduction were considered by a finite element (FE) model to simulate the airfoil fatigue behavior. Numerical results helped to determine the contribution of pitting and the extent of degradation on sudden airfoil failure.

Las artesanías mexicanas son admiradas y valoradas en todo el mundo siendo algunas de ellas patrimonio cultural de la humanidad. Uno de los problemas que tienen los artesanos mexicanos es el empaque y embalaje, ya que no han profesionalizado este proceso fundamental para la exportación, pues evitan que las mercancías se dañen. El envase, empaque y embalaje de las artesanías presentan un reto debido a la delicadeza de las figuras, la fragilidad de los materiales y el bajo margen de ganancia, por lo que se deben optimizar a fin de no incrementar el precio. Para el desarrollo del envase, empaque y embalaje se utilizó el QFD con el fin de proponer un sistema eficiente partiendo de las necesidades de los artesanos. El diseño de envases y empaques para la artesanía “Catrina” de Capula, Michoacán; se plantea como una necesidad para mejorar la presentación, facilitar su manejo, transporte, almacenaje, manipulación y distribución. Actualmente, la industria cultural es del interés de muchas personas, organismos y gobiernos, ya que existe preocupación de que se pierdan los conocimientos ancestrales; siendo México un país con basta riqueza cultural existe el interés del gobierno por su conservación, así como del impacto que genera en la región.