In this paper, a new tunable LED chip-on-board (COB) module is designed, providing the opportunity to adjust the color temperature for warm or white lighting, depending on the activities carried out by the users. The distribution of LEDs on the metal core is analyzed to determine an appropriate operating temperature during operation. This thermal improvement is achieved by increasing the gap between the die chips on the metal core, which allows for an increased exposed area for convection. Additionally, uniform lighting distribution is achieved in accordance with photometric tests conducted in an integrating sphere. A numerical model is proposed and solved using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to predict the temperature distribution over the COB LED. Subsequently, a prototype of the COB module is manufactured to perform measurements and test its performance during operation. The measurements are conducted using an infrared (IR) camera and thermocouples to obtain temperature profiles and identify critical hot spots during operation. The numerical model is validated and confirmed to be a reliable tool for evaluating predicted temperature models. The prototype meets all the thermal and photometric parameters required for reliable operation.

Small-scale hydropower is considered one of the most economical, predictable, and environmentally friendly technologies. However, it is still under development, which has led to its limited application, especially to hydraulic resources with low head and fluid velocity like the irrigation canal of the "Centenario de la Revolucion Francisco J. Mugica" dam, located in a ruralzone of the state of Michoacan, Mexico. To estimate the actual energy that this hydraulic resource can give, we proposed an energy conversion methodology that consists of three main steps: the evaluation of the hydraulic energy using the annual Flow Duration Curve of the canal, the numerical design of the ducted hydrokinetic turbine using experimental measurements and the selection of a low-velocity electrical generator. The designed hydrokinetic turbine was able to convert 78.53% of the hydraulic energy available into useful energy, which agriculture could use directly in rural areas.

The effect of parameters such as angle of attack, flow velocity, and electrolyte concentration (saline solution) on the extent of material degradation, as well as the morphology and depth of corrosion pits in an airfoil made of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy, was studied in detail. An orthogonal L9 design of experiments (Taguchi method) was applied to promote high pitting corrosion through the quality characteristic “the higher the better”. Potentiodynamic curves of the three experiments with low, medium, and high saline concentration were obtained through the CorrTest CS350 equipment. The above allowed the determination of the electrochemical corrosion parameters under static test conditions. The corroded airfoils were analyzed using light optical microscopy (LOM). In addition, the roughness measurements correlated with the extent of the degraded surface. A complete pit shape and depth characterization was obtained by applying mechanical ground, surface wear level monitoring (every 0.01 mm), and LOM observations. Pitting defects (depth and morphology) and mechanical strength reduction were considered by a finite element (FE) model to simulate the airfoil fatigue behavior. Numerical results helped to determine the contribution of pitting and the extent of degradation on sudden airfoil failure.

This study presents an experimental methodology for assessing the thermal behavior of high-power Chip-On-Board (COB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using infrared thermography, integrated with a novel compact forced-convection cooling device. The thermal performance was evaluated under varying power inputs and flow rates, revealing the system's ability to maintain LED junction temperatures below critical thresholds. Thermographic imaging enabled the spatially resolved temperature analysis of the LED surface under both natural and forced convection regimes. The proposed cooling device was specifically designed for compact integration, featuring a radial inlet/outlet configuration that minimizes space while maximizing heat dissipation efficiency. The simulation results generated were validated against experimental data, ensuring the reliability of the proposed cooling approach. This work demonstrates a feasible and replicable method for thermal management characterization in solid-state lighting applications, providing a scalable solution for integration in confined environments, such as LED luminaires, smart lighting systems, or embedded electronic modules.

The Index of Curvature was invented to describe the kinematic properties of a three‐degree‐of‐freedom mechanism based on the Peaucellier–Lipkin linkage when it traces circular curves. This mechanism serves as the basis of a particular class of sprawling legs. When a machine, equipped with them, walks along a circular path, some legs become configured to develop convex‐type trajectories, while some others are arranged to perform concave curves. It was discovered that the Index of Curvature can mutually relate legs developing concave and convex trajectories so that one mechanism’s kinematic qualities can predict the other’s qualities. This article presents a solid mathematical framework describing the kinematic qualities of a robotic leg and the interdependence between legs developing concave and convex trajectories in terms of the Index of Curvature , which is the leading contribution. This article offers the use of this mathematical framework in conceiving, modeling, and simulating a theoretical bipedal module to create multipedal walking machines, which, although using sprawling legs, acquire narrower profiles as those presented in mammalian type walking robots.