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Overexposure to hand transmitted vibrations (HTVs) from prolonged use of vibrating power tools can result in severe injuries. By monitoring the exposure of a worker to HTVs, overexposure, and injury, can be mitigated. An ideal HTV-monitoring system would measure vibration were it enters the body, which for many power tools will be the palm and fingers, however this is difficult to achieve using conventional transducers as they will affect the comfort of the user and subsequently alter the way that the tool is held. By embedding a transducer within the core of a textile yarn, that can be used to produce a glove, vibration can be monitored close to where it enters the body without compromising the comfort of the user. This work presents a vibration-sensing electronic yarn that was created by embedding a commercially available accelerometer within the structure of a yarn. These yarns were subsequently used to produce a vibration-sensing glove. The purpose of this study is to characterize the response of the embedded accelerometer over a range of relevant frequencies and vibration amplitudes at each stage of the electronic yarn’s manufacture to understand how the yarn structure influences the sensors response. The vibration-sensing electronic yarn was subsequently incorporated into a fabric sample and characterized. Finally, four vibration-sensing electronic yarns were used to produce a vibration-sensing glove that is capable of monitoring vibration at the palm and index finger.
Zahra Rahemtulla; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Tilak Dias. Vibration-Sensing Electronic Yarns for the Monitoring of Hand Transmitted Vibrations. Sensors 2021, 21, 2780 .
AMA StyleZahra Rahemtulla, Theodore Hughes-Riley, Tilak Dias. Vibration-Sensing Electronic Yarns for the Monitoring of Hand Transmitted Vibrations. Sensors. 2021; 21 (8):2780.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZahra Rahemtulla; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Tilak Dias. 2021. "Vibration-Sensing Electronic Yarns for the Monitoring of Hand Transmitted Vibrations." Sensors 21, no. 8: 2780.
Only a small number of muscle activation patterns from lower limbs have been reported and simultaneous muscle activation from several lower limb muscles have not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine any gender differences in surface electromyography (EMG) activity from six recorded lower limb muscles of the dominant limb at baseline (i.e., with the foot placed flat on the floor and in the neutral position), and during concentric and eccentric phases when performing a heel raise task. In total, 10 females and 10 males performed a standing heel raise task comprising of three continuous phases: baseline, unloading (concentric muscle action), and loading (eccentric muscle action) phases. Muscle activation from six muscles (gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, soleus, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and peroneus brevis) were measured using the Myon 320 EMG System. Root mean squared values of each muscle were calculated for each phase. Descriptive and inferential statistics were incorporated into the study. Statistically significant p values were set at 0.05. The results showed no significant differences between baseline, concentric, and eccentric phases with respect to each of the muscles investigated. Except for the gastrocnemius medialis at baseline and concentric phases, no significant differences were observed between genders or contractions. The data suggests that gender does not significantly influence the eccentric phase during the standing heel raise task.
Ukadike Ugbolue; Emma Yates; Kerensa Ferguson; Scott Wearing; Yaodong Gu; Wing-Kai Lam; Julien Baker; Frédéric Dutheil; Nicholas Sculthorpe; Tilak Dias. Electromyographic Assessment of the Lower Leg Muscles during Concentric and Eccentric Phases of Standing Heel Raise. Healthcare 2021, 9, 465 .
AMA StyleUkadike Ugbolue, Emma Yates, Kerensa Ferguson, Scott Wearing, Yaodong Gu, Wing-Kai Lam, Julien Baker, Frédéric Dutheil, Nicholas Sculthorpe, Tilak Dias. Electromyographic Assessment of the Lower Leg Muscles during Concentric and Eccentric Phases of Standing Heel Raise. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (4):465.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUkadike Ugbolue; Emma Yates; Kerensa Ferguson; Scott Wearing; Yaodong Gu; Wing-Kai Lam; Julien Baker; Frédéric Dutheil; Nicholas Sculthorpe; Tilak Dias. 2021. "Electromyographic Assessment of the Lower Leg Muscles during Concentric and Eccentric Phases of Standing Heel Raise." Healthcare 9, no. 4: 465.
Knitted electrodes are a key component to many electronic textiles including sensing devices, such as pressure sensors and heart rate monitors; therefore, it is essential to assess the electrical performance of these knitted electrodes under different mechanical loads to understand their performance during use. The electrical properties of the electrodes could change while deforming, due to an applied load, which could occur in the uniaxial direction (while stretched) or multiaxial direction (while compressed). The properties and performance of the electrodes could also change over time when rubbed against another surface due to the frictional force and generated heat. This work investigates the behavior of a knitted electrode under different loading conditions and after multiple abrasion cycles.
Arash M. Shahidi; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Carlos Oliveira; Tilak Dias. An Investigation of the Physical and Electrical Properties of Knitted Electrodes When Subjected to Multi-Axial Compression and Abrasion. Proceedings 2021, 68, 2 .
AMA StyleArash M. Shahidi, Theodore Hughes-Riley, Carlos Oliveira, Tilak Dias. An Investigation of the Physical and Electrical Properties of Knitted Electrodes When Subjected to Multi-Axial Compression and Abrasion. Proceedings. 2021; 68 (1):2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArash M. Shahidi; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Carlos Oliveira; Tilak Dias. 2021. "An Investigation of the Physical and Electrical Properties of Knitted Electrodes When Subjected to Multi-Axial Compression and Abrasion." Proceedings 68, no. 1: 2.
An increased use in wearable, mobile, and electronic textile sensing devices has led to a desire to keep these devices continuously powered without the need for frequent recharging or bulky energy storage. To achieve this, many have proposed integrating energy harvesting capabilities into clothing: solar energy harvesting has been one of the most investigated avenues for this due to the abundance of solar energy and maturity of photovoltaic technologies. This review provides a comprehensive, contemporary, and accessible overview of electronic textiles that are capable of harvesting solar energy. The review focusses on the suitability of the textile-based energy harvesting devices for wearable applications. While multiple methods have been employed to integrate solar energy harvesting with textiles, there are only a few examples that have led to devices with textile properties.
Achala Satharasinghe; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Tilak Dias. A Review of Solar Energy Harvesting Electronic Textiles. Sensors 2020, 20, 5938 .
AMA StyleAchala Satharasinghe, Theodore Hughes-Riley, Tilak Dias. A Review of Solar Energy Harvesting Electronic Textiles. Sensors. 2020; 20 (20):5938.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAchala Satharasinghe; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Tilak Dias. 2020. "A Review of Solar Energy Harvesting Electronic Textiles." Sensors 20, no. 20: 5938.
The aim of the publication is to report the accuracy, repeatability and the linearity of three commercially available interface pressure measurement systems employed in the treatment of venous disease. The advances in the treatment and management of chronic venous disease by compression therapy have led to considerable research interest in interface pressure measurement systems capable of measuring low-pressure ranges (10–60 mmHg). The application of a graduated pressure profile is key for the treatment of chronic venous disease which is achieved by using compression bandages or stockings; the required pressure profiles are defined in standards (BSI, RAL-GZ, or AFNOR) for different conditions. However, achieving the recommended pressure levels and its accuracy is still deemed to be a challenge. Thus, it is vital to choose a suitable pressure measurement system with high accuracy of interface pressure. The authors investigated the sensing performance of three commercially available different pressure sensors: two pneumatic based (AMI and PicoPress®) and one piezoresistive (FlexiForce®) pressure sensors, with extensive experimental work on their performance in terms of linearity, repeatability, and accuracy. Both pneumatic based pressure measurement systems have shown higher accuracy in comparison to the flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors.
Gayani K. Nandasiri; Arash M. Shahidi; Tilak Dias. Study of Three Interface Pressure Measurement Systems Used in the Treatment of Venous Disease. Sensors 2020, 20, 5777 .
AMA StyleGayani K. Nandasiri, Arash M. Shahidi, Tilak Dias. Study of Three Interface Pressure Measurement Systems Used in the Treatment of Venous Disease. Sensors. 2020; 20 (20):5777.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGayani K. Nandasiri; Arash M. Shahidi; Tilak Dias. 2020. "Study of Three Interface Pressure Measurement Systems Used in the Treatment of Venous Disease." Sensors 20, no. 20: 5777.
Electronically active yarn (E-yarn) pioneered by the Advanced Textiles Research Group of Nottingham Trent University contains a fine conductive copper wire soldered onto a package die, micro-electro-mechanical systems device or flexible circuit. The die or circuit is then held within a protective polymer packaging (micro-pod) and the ensemble is inserted into a textile sheath, forming a flexible yarn with electronic functionality such as sensing or illumination. It is vital to be able to wash E-yarns, so that the textiles into which they are incorporated can be treated as normal consumer products. The wash durability of E-yarns is summarized in this publication. Wash tests followed a modified version of BS EN ISO 6330:2012 procedure 4N. It was observed that E-yarns containing only a fine multi-strand copper wire survived 25 cycles of machine washing and line drying; and between 5 and 15 cycles of machine washing followed by tumble-drying. Four out of five temperature sensing E-yarns (crafted with thermistors) and single pairs of LEDs within E-yarns functioned correctly after 25 cycles of machine washing and line drying. E-yarns that required larger micro-pods (i.e., 4 mm diameter or 9 mm length) were less resilient to washing. Only one out of five acoustic sensing E-yarns (4 mm diameter micro-pod) operated correctly after 20 cycles of washing with either line drying or tumble-drying. Creating an E-yarn with an embedded flexible circuit populated with components also required a relatively large micro-pod (diameter 0.93 mm, length 9.23 mm). Only one embedded circuit functioned after 25 cycles of washing and line drying. The tests showed that E-yarns are suitable for inclusion in textiles that require washing, with some limitations when larger micro-pods were used. Reduction in the circuit’s size and therefore the size of the micro-pod, may increase wash resilience.
Dorothy Anne Hardy; Zahra Rahemtulla; Achala Satharasinghe; Arash Shahidi; Carlos Oliveira; Ioannis Anastasopoulos; Mohamad Nour Nashed; Matholo Kgatuke; Abiodun Komolafe; Russel Torah; John Tudor; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Steve Beeby; Tilak Dias. Wash Testing of Electronic Yarn. Materials 2020, 13, 1228 .
AMA StyleDorothy Anne Hardy, Zahra Rahemtulla, Achala Satharasinghe, Arash Shahidi, Carlos Oliveira, Ioannis Anastasopoulos, Mohamad Nour Nashed, Matholo Kgatuke, Abiodun Komolafe, Russel Torah, John Tudor, Theodore Hughes-Riley, Steve Beeby, Tilak Dias. Wash Testing of Electronic Yarn. Materials. 2020; 13 (5):1228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDorothy Anne Hardy; Zahra Rahemtulla; Achala Satharasinghe; Arash Shahidi; Carlos Oliveira; Ioannis Anastasopoulos; Mohamad Nour Nashed; Matholo Kgatuke; Abiodun Komolafe; Russel Torah; John Tudor; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Steve Beeby; Tilak Dias. 2020. "Wash Testing of Electronic Yarn." Materials 13, no. 5: 1228.
This paper presents the fundamental research of design, development, and evaluation of an active compression system consisting of silicone based inflatable mini-bladders, which could be used in applying radial pressure for the treatment of venous disease. The use of mini-bladders will nullify the effect of radius of curvature and provide a higher resolution to the pressure distribution. They are designed with two elastomeric layers and inflation is limited only to one side. The mini-bladders apply a radial force onto the treated surface when inflated, and the pressure inside mini-bladders could be measured using the concept of back pressure, which provides the flexibility to inflate mini-bladders to a predefined pressure. The 3-D deformation profile of the mini-bladders was analysed using finite element method (FEM) and FEM simulations were validated with experimental data, which showed good agreement within pressure region required for the treatment of venous disease. Finally, the pressure transmission characteristics of mini-bladders were evaluated on a biofidellic lower leg surrogate and the results have shown that the mini-bladders could apply a uniform pressure irrespective of the location on the leg with a 60%–70% of inlet pressure successfully transmitted onto the leg surface, while 40%–50% was available after the fat layers.
Gayani K. Nandasiri; Anton Ianakiev; Tilak Dias. Hyperelastic Properties of Platinum Cured Silicones and its Applications in Active Compression. Polymers 2020, 12, 148 .
AMA StyleGayani K. Nandasiri, Anton Ianakiev, Tilak Dias. Hyperelastic Properties of Platinum Cured Silicones and its Applications in Active Compression. Polymers. 2020; 12 (1):148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGayani K. Nandasiri; Anton Ianakiev; Tilak Dias. 2020. "Hyperelastic Properties of Platinum Cured Silicones and its Applications in Active Compression." Polymers 12, no. 1: 148.
Textiles enhanced with thin-film flexible sensors are well-suited for unobtrusive monitoring of skin parameters due to the sensors’ high conformability. These sensors can be damaged if they are attached to the surface of the textile, also affecting the textiles’ aesthetics and feel. We investigate the effect of embedding flexible temperature sensors within textile yarns, which adds a layer of protection to the sensor. Industrial yarn manufacturing techniques including knit braiding, braiding, and double covering were utilised to identify an appropriate incorporation technique. The thermal time constants recorded by all three sensing yarns was
Pasindu Lugoda; Julio C. Costa; Carlos Oliveira; Leonardo A. Garcia-Garcia; Sanjula D. Wickramasinghe; Arash Pouryazdan; Daniel Roggen; Tilak Dias; Niko Münzenrieder. Flexible Temperature Sensor Integration into E-Textiles Using Different Industrial Yarn Fabrication Processes. Sensors 2019, 20, 73 .
AMA StylePasindu Lugoda, Julio C. Costa, Carlos Oliveira, Leonardo A. Garcia-Garcia, Sanjula D. Wickramasinghe, Arash Pouryazdan, Daniel Roggen, Tilak Dias, Niko Münzenrieder. Flexible Temperature Sensor Integration into E-Textiles Using Different Industrial Yarn Fabrication Processes. Sensors. 2019; 20 (1):73.
Chicago/Turabian StylePasindu Lugoda; Julio C. Costa; Carlos Oliveira; Leonardo A. Garcia-Garcia; Sanjula D. Wickramasinghe; Arash Pouryazdan; Daniel Roggen; Tilak Dias; Niko Münzenrieder. 2019. "Flexible Temperature Sensor Integration into E-Textiles Using Different Industrial Yarn Fabrication Processes." Sensors 20, no. 1: 73.
Silicone-based elastomers saturated with embedded, short-strand fibres are used for their ability to mimic the aesthetic qualities of skin in clinical and theatrical maxillofacial appliance design. Well-known to prostheses fabricators and technicians, the mechanical impact of fibre addition on elastomeric behaviour endures as tacit, embodied knowledge of the craft, almost unknown in the literature. To examine mechanical changes caused by fibre addition, 100 modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomeric compounds containing incremental amounts of loose polyester fibres were prepared and examined in a variety of mechanical tests. It was found that elasticity and strain percentage at breaking point was reduced by increasing fibre content, but Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased. As fibre content was increased, strain hardening was seen at low strain rates, but exaggerated plastic deformation at high strain rates. PDMS hardness increased by 5 degrees of hardness (Shore-00 scale) for every additional percentage of fibres added and a strong positive linear coefficient (0.993 and 0.995) was identified to reach the hardness values given in the literature for living human skin. The apparent reorienting of loose fibres in the PDMS interrupts and absorbs stress during the loading process similar to the organic response to soft tissue loading, except in extension.
Richard Arm; Arash Shahidi; Tilak Dias. Mechanical Behaviour of Silicone Membranes Saturated with Short Strand, Loose Polyester Fibres for Prosthetic and Rehabilitative Surrogate Skin Applications. Materials 2019, 12, 3647 .
AMA StyleRichard Arm, Arash Shahidi, Tilak Dias. Mechanical Behaviour of Silicone Membranes Saturated with Short Strand, Loose Polyester Fibres for Prosthetic and Rehabilitative Surrogate Skin Applications. Materials. 2019; 12 (22):3647.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard Arm; Arash Shahidi; Tilak Dias. 2019. "Mechanical Behaviour of Silicone Membranes Saturated with Short Strand, Loose Polyester Fibres for Prosthetic and Rehabilitative Surrogate Skin Applications." Materials 12, no. 22: 3647.
Wider adoption of electronic textiles requires integration of small electronic components into textile fabrics, without comprising the textile qualities. A solution is to create a flexible yarn that incorporates electronic components within the fibres of the yarn (E-yarn). The production of these novel E-yarns was initially a craft skill, with the inclusion of package dies within the fibres of the yarn taking about 90 min. The research described here demonstrated that it is possible to produce E-yarns on an industrial scale by automating the manufacturing process. This involved adapting printed circuit board manufacturing technology and textile yarn covering machinery. The production process started with re-flow soldering of package dies onto fine multi-strand copper wire. A carrier yarn was then placed in parallel with the copper wire to provide tensile strength. The package die and adjacent carrier yarn were then encapsulated in a polymer micro-pod to provide protection from moisture ingress and from mechanical strain on the die and solder joints. The process was then completed by surrounding the micro-pod and copper interconnects with additional fibres, held tightly together with a knitted fibre-sheath. This prototype, automated production process reduced the time for embedding one micro-device within a yarn to 6 min, thus increasing the production speed, demonstrating that automation of the E-yarn production process is feasible. Prototype garments have been created using E- yarns. Further developments can include automated transfer of the yarn components from one stage of production to the next, enabling greater increases in speed of manufacture of E yarns.
Dorothy Anne Hardy; Ioannis Anastasopoulos; Mohamad-Nour Nashed; Carlos Oliveira; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Abiodun Komolafe; John Tudor; Russel Torah; Steve Beeby; Tilak Dias. Automated insertion of package dies onto wire and into a textile yarn sheath. Microsystem Technologies 2019, 1 -13.
AMA StyleDorothy Anne Hardy, Ioannis Anastasopoulos, Mohamad-Nour Nashed, Carlos Oliveira, Theodore Hughes-Riley, Abiodun Komolafe, John Tudor, Russel Torah, Steve Beeby, Tilak Dias. Automated insertion of package dies onto wire and into a textile yarn sheath. Microsystem Technologies. 2019; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDorothy Anne Hardy; Ioannis Anastasopoulos; Mohamad-Nour Nashed; Carlos Oliveira; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Abiodun Komolafe; John Tudor; Russel Torah; Steve Beeby; Tilak Dias. 2019. "Automated insertion of package dies onto wire and into a textile yarn sheath." Microsystem Technologies , no. : 1-13.
Electronic yarns (E-yarns) contain electronics fully incorporated into the yarn’s structure prior to textile or garment production. They consist of a conductive core made from a flexible, multi-strand copper wire onto which semiconductor dies or MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) are soldered. The device and solder joints are then encapsulated within a resin micro-pod, which is subsequently surrounded by a textile sheath, which also covers the copper wires. The encapsulation of semiconductor dies or MEMS devices within the resin polymer micro-pod is a critical component of the fabrication process, as the micro-pod protects the dies from mechanical and chemical stresses, and hermetically seals the device, which makes the E-yarn washable. The process of manufacturing E-yarns requires automation to increase production speeds and to ensure consistency of the micro-pod structure. The design and development of a semi-automated encapsulation unit used to fabricate the micro-pods is presented here. The micro-pods were made from a ultra-violet (UV) curable polymer resin. This work details the choice of machinery and methods to create a semi-automated encapsulation system in which incoming dies were detected then covered in resin micro-pods. The system detected incoming 0402 metric package dies with an accuracy of 87 to 98%.
Mohamad-Nour Nashed; Dorothy Hardy; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Tilak Dias. A Novel Method for Embedding Semiconductor Dies within Textile Yarn to Create Electronic Textiles. Fibers 2019, 7, 12 .
AMA StyleMohamad-Nour Nashed, Dorothy Hardy, Theodore Hughes-Riley, Tilak Dias. A Novel Method for Embedding Semiconductor Dies within Textile Yarn to Create Electronic Textiles. Fibers. 2019; 7 (2):12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamad-Nour Nashed; Dorothy Hardy; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Tilak Dias. 2019. "A Novel Method for Embedding Semiconductor Dies within Textile Yarn to Create Electronic Textiles." Fibers 7, no. 2: 12.
The measurement of pressure at the skin is highly important for a number of human-based monitoring applications. This work presents a resistive knitted spacer pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure at the skin–clothing–seat interface for wheelchair users. The sensor has been characterized over a relevant range of pressures, and its hysteretic behavior has been analyzed. Preliminary work towards creating supporting hardware for recording pressure at multiple junctions across the sensor has been presented.
Theodore Hughes-Riley; Carlos Oliveira; Tilak Dias. A Knitted Multi-Junction Pressure Sensor That Uses Electrical Resistance to Determine the Applied Pressure: Development and Characterization. Proceedings 2019, 32, 3 .
AMA StyleTheodore Hughes-Riley, Carlos Oliveira, Tilak Dias. A Knitted Multi-Junction Pressure Sensor That Uses Electrical Resistance to Determine the Applied Pressure: Development and Characterization. Proceedings. 2019; 32 (1):3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTheodore Hughes-Riley; Carlos Oliveira; Tilak Dias. 2019. "A Knitted Multi-Junction Pressure Sensor That Uses Electrical Resistance to Determine the Applied Pressure: Development and Characterization." Proceedings 32, no. 1: 3.
Most E-textile research tends to fall within the arts or science disciplinary boundaries, despite E-textiles themselves being interdisciplinary in nature. This work explores how contemporary woven textile practice methodologies can play a role within interdisciplinary research, expanding the creative and technical applications of materials and technologies. A team of electronics, textiles, and fashion specialists was formed to design and make an illuminated jacket for use by cyclists. The jacket incorporated bespoke woven panels that integrated electronic yarns within the pattern. The development of this prototype raised questions about the use of craft practice methodologies in the development of new E-textiles.
Matholo Kgatuke; Dorothy Hardy; Katherine Townsend; Eloise Salter; Tina Downes; Karen Harrigan; Susan Allcock; Tilak Dias. Exploring the Role of Textile Craft Practice in Interdisciplinary E-Textiles Development through the Design of an Illuminated Safety Cycling Jacket. Proceedings 2019, 32, 12 .
AMA StyleMatholo Kgatuke, Dorothy Hardy, Katherine Townsend, Eloise Salter, Tina Downes, Karen Harrigan, Susan Allcock, Tilak Dias. Exploring the Role of Textile Craft Practice in Interdisciplinary E-Textiles Development through the Design of an Illuminated Safety Cycling Jacket. Proceedings. 2019; 32 (1):12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatholo Kgatuke; Dorothy Hardy; Katherine Townsend; Eloise Salter; Tina Downes; Karen Harrigan; Susan Allcock; Tilak Dias. 2019. "Exploring the Role of Textile Craft Practice in Interdisciplinary E-Textiles Development through the Design of an Illuminated Safety Cycling Jacket." Proceedings 32, no. 1: 12.
Overexposure to hand-transmitted vibrations (HTVs) is a serious concern within industries that use vibrating power tools as HTVs can lead to severe and chronic injuries to the hand-arm system, which are preventable by limiting vibration exposure. This study presents a novel vibration-sensing electronic yarn (E-yarn) that can be used to monitor HTVs at the point-of-entry of the vibrations into the hand. The construction of the vibration-sensing E-yarn is described, with the vibration-sensing E-yarns being fully characterised at each stage of the manufacturing process to understand how the manufacturing stages affect the behaviour of the embedded sensor. The results show that there is no significant difference in the sensor response at each of the three stages in the E-yarn production over a range of frequencies and amplitudes relevant to HTVs.
Zahra Rahemtulla; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Tilak Dias. Developing a Vibration-Sensing Yarn for Monitoring Hand-Transmitted Vibrations. Proceedings 2019, 32, 6 .
AMA StyleZahra Rahemtulla, Theodore Hughes-Riley, Tilak Dias. Developing a Vibration-Sensing Yarn for Monitoring Hand-Transmitted Vibrations. Proceedings. 2019; 32 (1):6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZahra Rahemtulla; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Tilak Dias. 2019. "Developing a Vibration-Sensing Yarn for Monitoring Hand-Transmitted Vibrations." Proceedings 32, no. 1: 6.
This work presents an innovative solar energy harvesting fabric and demonstrates its suitability for powering wearable and mobile devices. A large solar energy harvesting fabric containing 200 miniature solar cells has been shown to charge a 110 mF textile supercapacitor bank within 37 s. A series of solar energy harvesting fabrics with different design features, such as using red or black fibres, were tested and compared to a commercially available flexible solar panel outside under direct sunlight. The results showed that the solar energy harvesting fabrics had power densities that were favorable when compared to the commercially available solar cell.
Achala Satharasinghe; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Tilak Dias. Solar Energy-Harvesting E-Textiles to Power Wearable Devices. Proceedings 2019, 32, 1 .
AMA StyleAchala Satharasinghe, Theodore Hughes-Riley, Tilak Dias. Solar Energy-Harvesting E-Textiles to Power Wearable Devices. Proceedings. 2019; 32 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAchala Satharasinghe; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Tilak Dias. 2019. "Solar Energy-Harvesting E-Textiles to Power Wearable Devices." Proceedings 32, no. 1: 1.
In medicine, temperature changes can indicate important underlying pathologies such as wound infection. While thermographs for the detection of wound infection exist, a textile substrate offers a preferable solution to the designs that exist in the literature, as a textile is very comfortable to wear. This work presents a fully textile, wearable, thermograph created using temperature-sensing yarns. As described in earlier work, temperature-sensing yarns are constructed by encapsulating an off-the-shelf thermistor into a polymer resin micro-pod and then embedding this within the fibres of a yarn. This process creates a temperature-sensing yarn that is conformal, drapeable, mechanically resilient, and washable. This work first explored a refined yarn design and characterised its accuracy to take absolute temperature measurements. The influence of contact errors with the refined yarns was explored seeing a 0.24 ± 0.03 measurement error when the yarn was held just 0.5 mm away from the surface being measured. Subsequently, yarns were used to create a thermograph. This work characterises the operation of the thermograph under a variety of simulated conditions to better understand the functionality of this type of textile temperature sensor. Ambient temperature, insulating material, humidity, moisture, bending, compression and stretch were all explored. This work is an expansion of an article published in The 4th International Conference on Sensor and Applications.
Pasindu Lugoda; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Rob Morris; Tilak Dias. A Wearable Textile Thermograph. Sensors 2018, 18, 2369 .
AMA StylePasindu Lugoda, Theodore Hughes-Riley, Rob Morris, Tilak Dias. A Wearable Textile Thermograph. Sensors. 2018; 18 (7):2369.
Chicago/Turabian StylePasindu Lugoda; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Rob Morris; Tilak Dias. 2018. "A Wearable Textile Thermograph." Sensors 18, no. 7: 2369.
Embedding temperature sensors within textiles provides an easy method for measuring skin temperature. Skin temperature measurements are an important parameter for a variety of health monitoring applications, where changes in temperature can indicate changes in health. This work uses a temperature sensing yarn, which was fully characterized in previous work, to create a series of temperature sensing garments: armbands, a glove, and a sock. The purpose of this work was to develop the design rules for creating temperature sensing garments and to understand the limitations of these devices. Detailed design considerations for all three devices are provided. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of contact pressure on skin contact temperature measurements using textile-based temperature sensors. The temperature sensing sock was used for a short user trial where the foot skin temperature of five healthy volunteers was monitored under different conditions to identify the limitations of recording textile-based foot skin temperature measurements. The fit of the sock significantly affected the measurements. In some cases, wearing a shoe or walking also heavily influenced the temperature measurements. These variations show that textile-based foot skin temperature measurements may be problematic for applications where small temperature differences need to be measured.
Pasindu Lugoda; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Carlos Oliveira; Rob Morris; Tilak Dias. Developing Novel Temperature Sensing Garments for Health Monitoring Applications. Fibers 2018, 6, 46 .
AMA StylePasindu Lugoda, Theodore Hughes-Riley, Carlos Oliveira, Rob Morris, Tilak Dias. Developing Novel Temperature Sensing Garments for Health Monitoring Applications. Fibers. 2018; 6 (3):46.
Chicago/Turabian StylePasindu Lugoda; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Carlos Oliveira; Rob Morris; Tilak Dias. 2018. "Developing Novel Temperature Sensing Garments for Health Monitoring Applications." Fibers 6, no. 3: 46.
Textiles have been at the heart of human technological progress for thousands of years, with textile developments closely tied to key inventions that have shaped societies. The relatively recent invention of electronic textiles is set to push boundaries again and has already opened up the potential for garments relevant to defense, sports, medicine, and health monitoring. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the key innovative pathways in the development of electronic textiles to date using sources available in the public domain regarding electronic textiles (E-textiles); this includes academic literature, commercialized products, and published patents. The literature shows that electronics can be integrated into textiles, where integration is achieved by either attaching the electronics onto the surface of a textile, electronics are added at the textile manufacturing stage, or electronics are incorporated at the yarn stage. Methods of integration can have an influence on the textiles properties such as the drapability of the textile.
Theodore Hughes-Riley; Tilak Dias; Colin Cork. A Historical Review of the Development of Electronic Textiles. Fibers 2018, 6, 34 .
AMA StyleTheodore Hughes-Riley, Tilak Dias, Colin Cork. A Historical Review of the Development of Electronic Textiles. Fibers. 2018; 6 (2):34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTheodore Hughes-Riley; Tilak Dias; Colin Cork. 2018. "A Historical Review of the Development of Electronic Textiles." Fibers 6, no. 2: 34.
Overexposure to high levels of noise can cause permanent hearing disorders, which have a significant adverse effect on the quality of life of those affected. Injury due to noise can affect people in a variety of careers including construction workers, factory workers, and members of the armed forces. By monitoring the noise exposure of workers, overexposure can be avoided and suitable protective equipment can be provided. This work focused on the creation of a noise dosimeter suitable for use by members of the armed forces, where a discrete dosimeter was integrated into a textile helmet cover. In this way the sensing elements could be incorporated very close to the ears, providing a highly representative indication of the sound level entering the body, and also creating a device that would not interfere with military activities. This was achieved by utilising commercial microelectromechanical system microphones integrated within the fibres of yarn to create an acoustic sensing yarn. The acoustic sensing yarns were fully characterised over a range of relevant sound levels and frequencies at each stage in the yarn production process. The yarns were ultimately integrated into a knitted helmet cover to create a functional acoustic sensing helmet cover prototype.
Theodore Hughes-Riley; Tilak Dias. Developing an Acoustic Sensing Yarn for Health Surveillance in a Military Setting. Sensors 2018, 18, 1590 .
AMA StyleTheodore Hughes-Riley, Tilak Dias. Developing an Acoustic Sensing Yarn for Health Surveillance in a Military Setting. Sensors. 2018; 18 (5):1590.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTheodore Hughes-Riley; Tilak Dias. 2018. "Developing an Acoustic Sensing Yarn for Health Surveillance in a Military Setting." Sensors 18, no. 5: 1590.
The integration of small electronic components into textile fabrics, without compromising the textile qualities such as flexibility and conformability, is necessary in ensuring wider adoption of electronic textiles. A solution is to use flexible, electronic yarns that incorporate electronic components within the fibers of the yarn. The production of these novel yarns was initially a craft skill, with inclusion of electronics within each section of yarn taking 60 - 90 minutes. A prototype, automated production process was developed to speed up the manufacturing process to 6 minutes. This paper describes the process, using machinery and methods from both electronics and textiles applications.
Dorothy Hardy; Ioannis Anastasopoulos; M-Nour Nashed; Carlos Oliveira; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Abiodun Komolafe; John Tudor; Russel Torah; Steve Beeby; Tilak Dias. An automated process for inclusion of package dies and circuitry within a textile yarn. 2018 Symposium on Design, Test, Integration & Packaging of MEMS and MOEMS (DTIP) 2018, 1 -5.
AMA StyleDorothy Hardy, Ioannis Anastasopoulos, M-Nour Nashed, Carlos Oliveira, Theodore Hughes-Riley, Abiodun Komolafe, John Tudor, Russel Torah, Steve Beeby, Tilak Dias. An automated process for inclusion of package dies and circuitry within a textile yarn. 2018 Symposium on Design, Test, Integration & Packaging of MEMS and MOEMS (DTIP). 2018; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDorothy Hardy; Ioannis Anastasopoulos; M-Nour Nashed; Carlos Oliveira; Theodore Hughes-Riley; Abiodun Komolafe; John Tudor; Russel Torah; Steve Beeby; Tilak Dias. 2018. "An automated process for inclusion of package dies and circuitry within a textile yarn." 2018 Symposium on Design, Test, Integration & Packaging of MEMS and MOEMS (DTIP) , no. : 1-5.