Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy complication associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of hemoglobin–albumin–lymphocyte–platelet score and fibrinogen/albumin ratio (FAR) for early diagnosis of PE. Medical records of 252 pregnant women categorized as severe pre-eclampsia, non-severe pre-eclampsia and control groups were analyzed. Biomarker levels including hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocytes, fibrinogen, creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and platelets were analyzed throughout the first trimester. The results showed that FAR was significantly higher in PE groups compared to controls and correlated with disease severity (area under curve = 0.65, sensitivity = 59%, specificity = 66%, P < .001). Albumin levels were moderately predictive for PE (area under curve = 0.70, sensitivity = 66%, specificity = 71%, P < .001). In contrast, the hemoglobin–albumin–lymphocyte–platelet score did not differ significantly between groups, indicating limited utility for early prediction. Elevated FAR is thought to result from increased fibrinogen levels due to inflammatory and procoagulant mechanisms, whereas decreased albumin levels reflect systemic inflammation associated with PE. Although FAR and albumin show potential as early biomarkers for PE, their diagnostic power alone is moderate. The findings suggest that these parameters may be more effective when combined with established markers such as placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1. The study underlines the need for larger prospective studies to confirm these findings and explore additional biomarkers for improved PE prediction.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of isthmocele in patients who had undergone cesarean delivery and to investigate its association with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Additionally, a novel volume-based classification system (Er-Kay Classification) was developed to provide a more precise assessment of cesarean scar defects and their correlation with clinical symptoms. Material and Methods: This retrospective, hospital-based cohort study was conducted at Ankara Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital between October 2017 and March 2018. A total of 1098 patients who had undergone cesarean delivery and attended follow-up visits were included. Patients were categorized based on the presence of isthmocele (study group: n = 134) and its absence (control group: n = 964). Isthmocele volume was calculated using the formula (Height × Width × Depth)/3, and patients were classified as Grade 1 (≤50 mm³) or Grade 2 (>50 mm³) based on the novel Er-Kay Classification. Clinical symptoms, including AUB (pre-, inter-, postmenstrual bleeding), dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and postcoital bleeding, were compared between groups. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 27.0 (NY, USA),with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of isthmocele was 12.2% (134/1098). Patients with isthmocele had significantly shorter menstrual cycles compared to those without (26.64 ± 5.35 vs. 28.08 ± 4.97 days, p = 0.038). Postmenstrual bleeding (47.0% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.001), dysmenorrhea (38.8% vs. 18.3%, p < 0.001), and dyspareunia (39.6% vs. 14.7%, p < 0.001) were significantly more frequent in the isthmocele group. According to the Er-Kay Classification, intermenstrual bleeding was significantly higher in Grade 2 (23.1%) than in Grade 1 (4.3%) (p = 0.001). Similarly, postmenstrual bleeding was more common in Grade 2 (56.9%) than in Grade 1 (37.7%) (p = 0.026). No significant differences were found for premenstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, or dyspareunia between the Er-Kay Classification groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings indicate that isthmocele is significantly associated with AUB, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. The Er-Kay Classification, based on isthmocele volume, provides a more precise assessment of symptom severity, particularly in intermenstrual and postmenstrual bleeding cases. These results suggest that volume-based evaluations should be incorporated into clinical practice for better patient management and diagnosis of cesarean scar defects.

Background/Objectives: Vernix caseosa is a natural protective barrier with moisturizing, wound healing, and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vernix caseosa on skin pigmentation and wound healing in cesarean section incisions. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. A total of 210 first-time cesarean section patients were included. Vernix caseosa, collected from newborns, was applied to the incision site in half of the participants, while the other half received a placebo. Scar assessment was performed using the Manchester Scar Scale and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). Results: The vernix group showed significantly lower Manchester Scar Scale scores (9.00 ± 2.07 vs. 12.60 ± 2.72, p < 0.001) and POSAS total scores (53.57 ± 20.48 vs. 89.60 ± 26.54, p < 0.001) compared to the control group. These results suggest that vernix caseosa accelerates wound healing and improves cosmetic outcomes. Conclusions: Vernix caseosa emerges as a natural, effective, and low-cost method to promote wound healing in cesarean section incisions. Its medical and cosmetic benefits support its use in postoperative care. Future studies could further validate these findings in broader populations and explore additional clinical applications.

Aims: This study investigates the relationship between systemic inflammatory biomarkers-Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), and Pan-Immune Inflammation Value (PIV)-and pregnancy outcomes following prophylactic cervical cerclage. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 pregnant women who underwent prophylactic McDonald cerclage between November 2022 and September 2024. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they delivered at term (≥37 weeks) or preterm (

Diagnosing and treating isthmocele (niche) has become a popular topic in gynecology in recent years. While numerous articles evaluate isthmocele diagnosis and treatment, there is a lack of clear information on surgical complications. This study presents a case of a uterine abscess that developed after hysteroscopic surgical repair. While the literature reports abscess cases on peritoneal surfaces and uterine perforation cases occurring after isthmocele surgery, to the best of our knowledge, our case is the first instance of a uterine abscess causing chronic pelvic pain after isthmocele surgery. The purpose of this case report is to increase awareness among clinicians regarding isthmocele surgery, its growing prevalence, and the potential complications associated with it.

Objective: Pancreatic stone protein (PSP) is a secretory protein associated with systemic inflammation and β-cell stress. Given its reported association with type 2 diabetes mellitus, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum PSP levels and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to assess its diagnostic performance. Methods: This single-center, prospective cohort study was conducted between June 2024 and May 2025. Eighty-four pregnant women at 24–28 weeks’ gestation were enrolled: 42 diagnosed with GDM according to Carpenter–Coustan criteria and 42 healthy controls. Serum PSP levels were measured using ELISA at the time of GDM diagnosis, and prior to treatment initiation. Group comparisons were performed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Maternal weight was significantly higher in the GDM group (78.3 ± 10.0 kg vs. 68.4 ± 7.6 kg, p < 0.001). Serum PSP levels were significantly elevated in women with GDM compared to controls (8.89 ± 0.81 ng/mL vs. 7.72 ± 0.64 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Neonatal birth weight was also higher in the GDM group (3606 ± 507 g vs. 3355 ± 308 g, p = 0.008), while Apgar scores did not differ significantly. ROC analysis demonstrated an AUC of 0.883 (95% CI: 0.805–0.946, p < 0.001). At a cut-off value of 8.38 ng/mL, sensitivity was 76.2% and specificity was 85.7%. Conclusions: Serum PSP levels are significantly elevated in GDM and demonstrate good diagnostic performance. PSP may serve as a supportive biomarker reflecting β-cell stress in GDM, warranting further multicenter validation studies.