Since tooth loss is a common problem in humans and is widespread worldwide, dental implants are an effective and optimal alternative to solve this problem. Thus, it is necessary to develop implants with improved surfaces that favor the osseointegration of the implant into the surrounding tissues and promote cell adhesion and proliferation while also preventing and inhibiting peri-implant infections that can lead to implant failure. In this regard, this review aims to provide new insights into nanotechnology and the use of nanoparticles in creating new coatings, the new trends for enhancing dental implant surfaces, and the current technologies used for this purpose. Although in vitro and in vivo tests attest to the possible use of the nanomaterials described in this review, further tests are needed to establish the optimal concentrations to be safe for clinical trials.

Infections continue to pose significant challenges in dentistry, necessitating the development of innovative solutions that can effectively address these issues. This study focuses on creating coatings made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) enriched with zinc oxide–silver composite nanoparticles, layered to Ti6Al4V–titanium alloy substrates. The application of these materials aims to create a solution for the abutments utilized in complete dental implant systems, representing the area most susceptible to bacterial infections. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a hydrothermal method, optimized through specific temperature and pressure parameters to achieve effective morphologies and sizes that enhance antibacterial efficacy. The layers were applied to the titanium substrate using the spin coating technique, chosen for its advantages and compatibility with the materials involved. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on the antimicrobial powders, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, the PMMA-based coatings incorporating antimicrobial nanoparticles were evaluated to ensure uniformity and homogeneity across the titanium alloy surface by IR mapping and SBF immersion–SEM analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the samples was demonstrated with impressive results against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, as assessed through biofilm modulation studies. The biocompatibility of the samples was validated through in vitro cell-based assays, which demonstrated excellent compatibility between PMMA-based coatings and human preosteoblasts, confirming their potential suitability for future use in dental implants.

This study investigates the synthesis of Zn₂SnO₄@SiO₂@5-FU nanoparticles as an additive for bone fillers in dental maxillofacial reconstruction. Zn₂SnO₄ nanoparticles were synthesized and coated with a SiO₂ shell, followed by the incorporation of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), aimed at enhancing the therapeutic properties of classical fillers. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction confirmed that Zn₂SnO₄ was the single crystalline phase present, with its crystallinity preserved after both SiO₂ coating and 5-FU incorporation. SEM characterization revealed the micro-spherical particles of Zn₂SnO₄ assembled by an agglomeration of nanorods, exhibiting dimensions and morphological characteristics that were consistent after the addition of both the SiO₂ shell and 5-FU. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy provided solid proof of the successful synthesis of Zn₂SnO₄, Zn₂SnO₄@SiO₂, and Zn₂SnO₄@SiO₂@5-FU, confirming the presence of expected functional groups. The SiO₂ layer improved nanoparticle stability in the solution, as indicated by zeta potential measurements, while adding 5-FU significantly increased biocompatibility and targeting efficiency. The existence of the SiO₂ shell and 5-FU is also confirmed by the hydrodynamic diameter, indicating an increase in particle size after incorporating both compounds. Antibacterial assays demonstrated a selective efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria, with Zn₂SnO₄@SiO₂@5-FU showing the strongest inhibitory effects. Biofilm inhibition studies further confirmed the nanoparticles’ effectiveness in preventing bacterial colonization. Cytotoxicity tests on the A-431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell line revealed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability, highlighting the potential of 5-FU for targeted cancer treatment. These findings highlight the potential of Zn₂SnO₄@SiO₂@5-FU nanoparticles as a multifunctional additive for bone fillers, offering enhanced antimicrobial and antitumor capabilities.

This study aimed to evaluate the stress and strain at the interface between zirconia crowns and prepared tooth abutments, with or without a shoulder finish line. The main objective was to determine which of the two types of preparations provides a more favorable long-term prognosis, particularly in the case of single-unit crowns. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method was employed to assess the mechanical response of both zirconia and dentin under occlusal forces of 200 N, simulating physiological occlusion. Values from the literature for Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and Bulk modulus were introduced into the simulations for zirconia and tooth abutments. The simulations demonstrated that zirconia crowns, regardless of the preparation type, experienced higher stress than the tooth abutments. However, preparations with a shoulder finish line demonstrated superior biomechanical behavior. This study provides a detailed biomechanical analysis of zirconia crowns cemented onto tooth abutments prepared with or without a shoulder finish line, highlighting the importance of FEA in optimizing prosthetic design and material selection.

Extensive epidemiological evidence links psychosis (PZ)—particularly schizophrenia (SCZ)—with disproportionate periodontal destruction, suggesting shared biological vulnerability. Beyond local tissue damage, periodontitis provides a clinically accessible translational paradigm for systemic redox dysregulation, where sustained inflammatory activation coincides with measurable oxidative injury and exhaustion of antioxidant (AO) defenses across cardiometabolic and neuropsychiatric domains. In this critical narrative review, we argue that the excess periodontal burden in PZ reflects a “pathological confluence” shaped by antipsychotic-associated iatrogenic factors, rapid metabolic deterioration, and chronic oxidative distress. We appraise the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)–NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) axis as a metabolic–redox sensor linking dysglycemia to periodontal inflammasome activation and downstream cytokine signaling, and address the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs)–receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) axis as a key immunometabolic redox pathway. We further discuss mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired mitophagy, and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) leakage as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can amplify systemic “silent inflammation”. Integrating evidence on periodontal pathogen–host interactions and redox-sensitive neuroimmune pathways (including NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)-linked microglial activation), we propose periodontitis as a plausible upstream amplifier that may exacerbate vascular dysfunction and compromise blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Finally, we outline clinically measurable biomarker readouts to operationalize redox-informed integrated care and highlight the need for pragmatic trials targeting clinically meaningful endpoints to improve somatic longevity in PZ-spectrum populations. We acknowledge that current human evidence is largely associative and that the proposed mechanistic links remain hypothesis generating.