Background/Objectives: Perioperative malnutrition, sarcopenia, and reduced functional reserve are frequent in adults undergoing elective gastrointestinal (GI) surgery and are associated with higher postoperative morbidity and delayed recovery. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways incorporate nutrition-focused elements, but reported effects vary across procedures, protocols, and baseline risk. This review aims to summarize and critically appraise current evidence on perioperative nutritional strategies within ERAS-focused elective GI care, including risk identification, nutritional prehabilitation (oral nutritional supplements and immunonutrition), preoperative carbohydrate loading, early postoperative feeding, and selected microbiome-directed adjuncts. Methods: This narrative literature review was informed by a focused search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus (2010–early 2026), supplemented by targeted screening of relevant clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements (e.g., ESPEN). Evidence was interpreted by hierarchy (guidelines/meta-analyses, randomized trials, observational studies) and discussed with attention to heterogeneity in surgical populations, intervention definitions (composition, timing, duration), and endpoint reporting. Results: Early nutritional risk screening is consistently supported to identify malnutrition and sarcopenia and to trigger tailored optimization plans. Perioperative oral nutritional supplementation, particularly when started preoperatively and continued postoperatively, is frequently associated with improved intake and reduced infectious morbidity in malnourished or at-risk patients, though effect sizes vary. Immunonutrition shows potential benefit in selected high-risk settings but remains formulation- and timing-dependent. Carbohydrate loading is generally endorsed within ERAS and may reduce insulin resistance and improve patient comfort, while impacts on major clinical outcomes are context-dependent. Early oral/enteral feeding is feasible in many elective GI procedures and may accelerate gastrointestinal recovery without increasing major complications when implemented with structured advancement and appropriate patient selection. Probiotics/synbiotics show the most consistent signals in colorectal surgery, with strain-specific effects and important safety boundaries in immunocompromised or critically ill patients. Conclusions: Perioperative nutritional optimization is a core component of elective GI surgical care within ERAS pathways. Benefits are most reproducible in higher-risk patients and when interventions are integrated into high-compliance multidisciplinary programs. Future research should prioritize procedure-specific, risk-stratified trials with standardized interventions and clinically meaningful endpoints.

Background/Objectives: Perioperative malnutrition, sarcopenia, and reduced functional reserve are frequent in adults undergoing elective gastrointestinal (GI) surgery and are associated with higher postoperative morbidity and delayed recovery. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways incorporate nutrition-focused elements, but reported effects vary across procedures, protocols, and baseline risk. This review aims to summarise and critically appraise current evidence on perioperative nutritional strategies within ERAS-focused elective GI care, including risk identification, nutritional prehabilitation (oral nutritional supplements and immunonutrition), preoperative carbohydrate loading, early postoperative feeding, and selected microbiome-directed adjuncts. Methods: This narrative literature review was informed by a focused search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus (2010–2025), supplemented by targeted screening of relevant clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements (e.g., ESPEN). Evidence was interpreted by hierarchy (guidelines/meta-analyses, randomised trials, observational studies) and discussed with attention to heterogeneity in surgical populations, intervention definitions (composition, timing, duration), and endpoint reporting. Results: Early nutritional risk screening is consistently supported to identify malnutrition and sarcopenia and to trigger tailored optimisation plans. Perioperative oral nutritional supplementation, particularly when started preoperatively and continued postoperatively, is frequently associated with improved intake and reduced infectious morbidity in malnourished or at-risk patients, though effect sizes vary. Immunonutrition shows potential benefit in selected high-risk settings but remains formulation- and timing-dependent. Carbohydrate loading is generally endorsed within ERAS and may reduce insulin resistance and improve patient comfort, while impacts on major clinical outcomes are context-dependent. Early oral/enteral feeding is feasible in many elective GI procedures and may accelerate gastrointestinal recovery without increasing major complications when implemented with structured advancement and appropriate patient selection. Probiotics/synbiotics show the most consistent signals in colorectal surgery, with strain-specific effects and important safety boundaries in immunocompromised or critically ill patients. Conclusions: Perioperative nutritional optimisation is a core component of elective GI surgical care within ERAS pathways. Benefits are most reproducible in higher-risk patients and when interventions are integrated into high-compliance multidisciplinary programmes. Future research should prioritise procedure-specific, risk-stratified trials with standardised interventions and clinically meaningful endpoints.

Introduction: The success of metal–ceramic restorations depends on the mechanical and adhesive properties of the metal–ceramic interface. With the emergence of additive manufacturing technologies such as selective laser melting (SLM), there is growing interest in comparing these methods with conventional casting. This pilot study aimed to generate hypothesis-forming data on how fabrication method (casting and 3D printing) and alumina sandblasting with two particle sizes (125 μm and 250 μm) influence flexural performance of Co-Cr metal–ceramic systems within the standardized ISO 9693 framework. Materials and Methods: Rectangular Co-Cr alloy specimens were manufactured using two techniques: conventional casting and 3D printing via SLM. Each group was divided based on the sandblasting particle size. After ceramic application in accordance with ISO 9693:2012, samples underwent a three-point bending test using a universal testing machine (Instron 8872) to assess the displacement force required to fracture the ceramic layer. Five specimens were tested per group, and mean values and standard deviations were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: Cast samples exhibited significantly higher displacement strength than printed ones. Among all groups, the cast samples sandblasted with 250 μm particles (CCT_250) showed the best performance (mean: 12.48 ± 0.91 N), while the 3D-printed group treated with 125 μm particles (CCP_125) showed the lowest strength (mean: 7.24 ± 0.65 N). Larger abrasive particles (250 μm) improved bond strength in both fabrication techniques. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of manufacturing method (F(1,16) = 13.63, p = 0.002, η² = 0.46) and particle size (F(1,16) = 6.17, p = 0.024, η² = 0.28), with no interaction between factors. Conclusions: Both the manufacturing method and the sandblasting protocol significantly influence the flexural performance of Co-Cr ceramic systems. Conventional casting combined with 250 μm particle sandblasting ensures the highest ceramic adhesion, while SLM-printed substrates may require additional surface treatments to improve bonding efficiency. Complementary surface treatments such as bonding agents or chemical oxidation may enhance the metal–ceramic bond in SLM-fabricated frameworks.

This study aimed to evaluate the stress and strain at the interface between zirconia crowns and prepared tooth abutments, with or without a shoulder finish line. The main objective was to determine which of the two types of preparations provides a more favorable long-term prognosis, particularly in the case of single-unit crowns. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method was employed to assess the mechanical response of both zirconia and dentin under occlusal forces of 200 N, simulating physiological occlusion. Values from the literature for Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and Bulk modulus were introduced into the simulations for zirconia and tooth abutments. The simulations demonstrated that zirconia crowns, regardless of the preparation type, experienced higher stress than the tooth abutments. However, preparations with a shoulder finish line demonstrated superior biomechanical behavior. This study provides a detailed biomechanical analysis of zirconia crowns cemented onto tooth abutments prepared with or without a shoulder finish line, highlighting the importance of FEA in optimizing prosthetic design and material selection.