Developing Pt-free electrocatalysts is the main solution for reducing the intolerable cost of hydrogen production through the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), while sustaining rare-earth elements. Thus, we have synthesized carbon nanoflakes derived from carbon cloth doped with controllable boron atoms (Bx/C), where x refers to boron atomic contents (x = 3.42, 5.04, 9.79, and 14.64 wt.%), driven by the impregnation of carbon cloth containing polyester (CC) in an aqueous solution of boric acid, followed by drying at 80 °C for 1 h and then calcination at 500 °C for 2 h under nitrogen. The method allows the conversion of one-dimensional CC to a two-dimensional flake-like structure, in situ enriched with B-C motifs as active sites for HER. The HER performance depends on interfacial interaction of boron with carbon, but B₁/C (B = 3.42 wt %) was the optimum with a HER current of 370 mA/cm² at −0.78 V, overpotential at 10 mA/cm² (ƞ_HER@10) of 372 mV, Tafel slope of 166 mV/dec, and stability for 60 h, besides a hydrogen production rate of 1.57 mol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹ of catalyst, due to endowing surface area, intermolecular charge transfer, and electrical conductivity. The data obtained may pave the way for designing heteroatom-integrated carbon from biomass for promoting low-cost HER.

The United Nations' sustainability goals have emerged as a crucial roadmap for monitoring decarbonization efforts. Oman's strategic focus lies in the realm of hydrogen, particularly Green Hydrogen, which harnesses renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Projections suggest that in the coming years, Oman could become one of the world's major hydrogen exporters, given its ample potential for harnessing high-quality renewable energy and its expansive land resources. The primary objective of this research is to scrutinize the social and socio-economic implications across the entire life cycle of Green Hydrogen in Oman, using the Social Life Cycle Assessment tool (SLCA). The SLCA comprises four primary phases: Goal and Scope, Inventory Analysis, Social Impact Assessment, and Interpretation Analysis. In the initial phase, the assessment's goals were delineated. Subsequently, an inventory analysis was conducted, systematically modeling the process of hydrogen production and identifying input and output inventory components. To assess social impacts, a combination of literature analysis and questionnaires was employed to generate a matrix encompassing all the social considerations relevant to the Green Hydrogen life cycle in Oman. This matrix, in turn, facilitated the final phase of Interpretation Analysis, where the identification of critical social factors requiring attention. The findings of this study underscore the efficacy of the SLCA as an essential tool for assessing the Green Hydrogen life cycle in Oman. Yet, it is crucial to acknowledge that various challenges still need to be addressed to advance the cause of sustainable hydrogen development in the region.

The Oil and Gas industry, known for its complex, multi-process operations, involves handling hazardous products, requiring strict adherence to safety and quality protocols. This paper explores the role of Quality Control (QC) in facilitating the industrys goals of operational safety, efficiency, and environmental sustainability. QC processes are crucial in reducing health risks, avoiding environmental hazards, and optimizing resource utilization. The research examines various QC segments integral to daily industry operations, including monitoring, testing, and validating production stages to ensure compliance with regulatory standards and internal benchmarks. Additionally, this study focuses on the techniques employed by QC personnel to detect and mitigate potential errors, thereby safeguarding both workforce well-being and the financial health of operations. The research highlights how effective QC practices can prevent costly shutdowns, reduce material wastage, and decrease the likelihood of contamination incidents, illustrating the budgetary and environmental benefits that rigorous QC protocols bring to the industry. By strictly adhering to legal standards governing data protection and confidentiality, this study collects and analyzes data to deliver findings that can guide oil and gas companies in refining their QC processes. This research is significant in light of growing energy demands, environmental regulations, and public scrutiny, underscoring the essential role of QC in achieving safe and sustainable practices. Ultimately, this paper offers in-depth insights into QCs function within the energy sector, advocating for enhanced QC strategies as the foundation of industry safety, resilience, and environmental responsibility.

Pressure vessels play a pivotal role in numerous industrial applications, as they are engineered to contain fluids or gases at pressures significantly above atmospheric levels. Ensuring their safety and efficiency is critical across sectors such as chemical processing, aerospace, and oil and gas. Over centuries, pressure vessel designs have evolved from simple forms in the 15th century to sophisticated constructions governed by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, established in 1911. However, pressure vessel failures still pose substantial risks, primarily due to issues like corrosion, fatigue, and inadequate maintenance protocols. The selection of suitable materials is fundamental to pressure vessel safety, emphasizing the