Background/Objectives: Uveal melanoma (UM) is a subtype of melanoma that originates from the uveal layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, choroid) and is biologically distinct from cutaneous melanoma. The real-world evidence on treatment patterns and survival outcomes, particularly from non-Western populations, remains limited. This study provides a comprehensive national overview of local and systemic management of UM across Türkiye. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study, coordinated by the Turkish Oncology Group (TOG), included patients diagnosed with UM between 2012 and 2025 across 19 tertiary oncology centers. Clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes were analyzed. Systemic therapies were subgrouped as immunotherapy or cytotoxic chemotherapy. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method; prognostic factors for OS were analyzed by Cox regression. Results: A total of 113 patients were included; 89.4% presented with localized disease. During follow-up, 43.4% developed metastases, predominantly hepatic (93.5%). 47.4% of metastatic patients received liver-directed treatments; the most common treatment was radioembolization, and these treatments were associated with longer OS. Among 59 patients receiving systemic therapy, immunotherapy demonstrated higher ORR and DCR than chemotherapy across treatment lines, although small subgroup sizes limited statistical significance. Dual immune checkpoint blockade emerged as an independent favorable prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. Median OS for metastatic patients was 16 months (95% CI: 9.3–22.7). HLA-A*02:01 was positive in 29.4% of patients tested, and only three patients received tebentafusp. Conclusions: This large national cohort highlights substantial real-world heterogeneity in treatment patterns and confirms the limited efficacy of chemotherapy, the prognostic benefit of dual ICI therapy, and the potential survival advantage of liver-directed treatments in selected patients. Low HLA-A*02:01 positivity and limited access to tebentafusp remain major challenges in Türkiye. These findings provide an essential benchmark for improving treatment strategies in metastatic UM.

Aim: Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer which represents the most common subgroup of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Recently, further subclassification for HER2-negative tumors has emerged as HER2-low. There is limited knowledge regarding the effect of HER2-low expression on outcomes of patients with HR-positive and HER2-negative MBC treated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors plus hormonal therapy. Therefore, we evaluated survival parameters according to HER2-low status for this patient group in this study. Material and Methods: As the Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) Project, retrospectively collected data from 423 patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative MBC treated with ribociclib and palbociclib plus letrozole therapy was assessed. Included patients had metastatic first-line therapy and endocrine-sensitive disease. Survival outcomes were compared between HER2-negative and HER2-low patient groups. Conclusion: HER2-low status had no statistically significant impact on survival in patients treated with palbociclib or ribociclib plus letrozole.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Effective prognostic tools are essential to guide risk-adapted strategies following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). In this multicenter retrospective study, we evaluated 690 patients with locally advanced TNBC treated between 2010 and 2023 across 25 oncology centers. Patients were stratified into CPS-EG risk groups: low (0–1), intermediate (2–3), and high (≥4). The CPS-EG score was strongly associated with pathological complete response (pCR), recurrence, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Five-year DFS rates were 80.6%, 53.2%, and 31.5% in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively, while OS rates were 76.7%, 53.2%, and 48.8% (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed CPS-EG as an independent predictor of both DFS and OS after adjusting for clinicopathological factors. These findings highlight the CPS-EG score as a simple, cost-effective, and widely applicable prognostic tool that may improve post-NACT risk stratification and support treatment decisions, especially in resource-limited oncology settings.

Background and Objectives: Rapid physiological decline in terminal cancer is frequently accompanied by accelerated skeletal muscle loss. Although bedside ultrasonography (US) is practical and feasible in palliative care settings, the prognostic relevance of short-term muscle change remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether the rate of muscle loss over a 10-day period, assessed by serial ultrasound, is associated with survival duration in terminally ill cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included 87 inpatients with end-stage cancer who underwent bedside ultrasound measurements of the biceps brachii (BB) and rectus femoris (RF). Baseline US was performed within the first three days of admission, followed by a repeat assessment 10 days after baseline (day-10 follow-up ultrasound). Muscle thickness (MT) measurements were normalized by height squared (m²), and 10-day changes were calculated as delta (Δ) indices, defined as baseline minus day-10 values. Because the exposure of interest (Δ) can only be determined after completion of the day-10 assessment, survival timing analyses were anchored to this prespecified landmark. Survival duration was defined as the number of days from the day-10 follow-up ultrasound to death among patients who died within one year. Associations between muscle changes and survival duration were evaluated using correlation analyses and multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and nutritional risk. The primary analyses focused on survival timing among decedents. Results: Significant muscle loss was observed over the 10-day interval between baseline and 10 days after baseline. Among the 58 patients who died within one year, greater short-term biceps muscle loss, reflected by higher Δ BB muscle thickness index (Δ BB MT-I), was moderately associated with shorter survival duration (r = −0.437, p = 0.0006). In multivariable linear regression analysis, Δ BB MT-I remained independently associated with survival duration (β = −701.19; 95% CI: −1102 to −301; p = 0.0006), whereas RF muscle changes and baseline clinical variables were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Short-term biceps muscle loss assessed by serial ultrasound, as reflected by Δ BB MT-I, is associated with shorter survival duration in terminally ill cancer patients. These findings suggest that dynamic muscle changes, rather than single-time-point measurements, may provide clinically meaningful insight into short-term survival timing. Serial bedside muscle ultrasound may serve as a low-burden adjunct for prognostic communication in palliative care, although prospective time-to-event studies are required for validation.