Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung is a rare type of lung cancer. There is a limited number of studies on clinical and histopathological characteristics that are effective in survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between histopathological and clinical characteristics, mainly Ki-67 proliferation index, and survival in patients diagnosed with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. The data of 38 patients followed up with the diagnosis of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung were evaluated. The mean Ki-67 value was determined to be 65.8% (±20.8). The patients' clinical characteristics and survival times were compared according to the cut-off value determined for Ki-67 index. When median overall survival times were compared, it was seen that overall survival was numerically lower in patients aged 65 years and over, in tumors located on the right side, in cases who were in the metastatic stage at diagnosis, whose Ki-67 index was 65% and above, who did not receive chemotherapy, who did not undergo curative surgery, and in patients with chronic diseases (p>0.05). In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the median overall survival was determined to be 22.2 months (95%CI 21.7-22.7) in the patients with Ki-67<65%, while it was found to be 20.3 months (95%CI 4.5-36.2) in the patients with Ki-67≥65% (p=0.351). Our study identified subgroups with decreased survival in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung patients. Studies including a larger number of patients are needed to identify the prognostic importance of these clinical and histopathological characteristics.

Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been established as a first-line maintenance therapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) following platinum-based chemotherapy. While phase III trials have demonstrated significant progression-free survival (PFS) benefits with olaparib and niraparib, real-world data remain limited. Methods: This retrospective, multicenter real-world study included 179 patients with newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian treated with first-line maintenance olaparib or niraparib across 33 centers in Türkiye between January 2014 and March 2025. Clinical, pathological, and molecular data—including BRCA (Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene) mutation status, origin, and variant classification—was collected. The primary endpoint was PFS, and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and safety. Survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier methods. Results: Of 179 patients, 110 received olaparib and 69 received niraparib. BRCA mutations were present in 88.3% of patients, while 11.7% had unknown HRD status. Median follow-up was 16.5 months, and median PFS was not reached. Estimated PFS rates for the overall cohort were 91.0% at 6 months, 83.0% at 12 months, and 64.0% at 24 months. In the olaparib cohort, BRCA-mutant patients demonstrated PFS rates of 89%, 78%, 73%, and 64% at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively. In the niraparib cohort, corresponding PFS rates among BRCA-mutant patients were 87% at 6 months and 75% at 12 months. Patients harboring pathogenic BRCA variants experienced longer PFS compared with those with likely pathogenic variants. Any-grade adverse events occurred in 73.7% of patients, and grade 3–4 events in 29.6%, with hematologic toxicities predominating. Dose interruptions were more frequent with niraparib, while treatment discontinuation rates were low in both groups. No cases of myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia were observed. Conclusions: In this large multicenter real-world cohort, first-line maintenance therapy with olaparib and niraparib provided durable PFS benefit in patients with advanced EOC, particularly among those with pathogenic BRCA mutations, confirming their effectiveness and manageable safety profiles in routine clinical practice.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Effective prognostic tools are essential to guide risk-adapted strategies following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). In this multicenter retrospective study, we evaluated 690 patients with locally advanced TNBC treated between 2010 and 2023 across 25 oncology centers. Patients were stratified into CPS-EG risk groups: low (0–1), intermediate (2–3), and high (≥4). The CPS-EG score was strongly associated with pathological complete response (pCR), recurrence, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Five-year DFS rates were 80.6%, 53.2%, and 31.5% in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively, while OS rates were 76.7%, 53.2%, and 48.8% (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed CPS-EG as an independent predictor of both DFS and OS after adjusting for clinicopathological factors. These findings highlight the CPS-EG score as a simple, cost-effective, and widely applicable prognostic tool that may improve post-NACT risk stratification and support treatment decisions, especially in resource-limited oncology settings.

Background and Objectives: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare angioproliferative malignancy driven by human herpesvirus-8 infection. Comparative real-world data on classic and AIDS-related KS from Mediterranean-endemic countries remain limited. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 102 patients with histopathologically confirmed KS treated across five tertiary oncology centers in Turkey between January 2010 and December 2023. Demographic characteristics, clinical features, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes were compared between classic and AIDS-related KS subtypes. Results: Ninety-two patients (90.2%) had classic KS and ten (9.8%) had AIDS-related KS. The median age at diagnosis was significantly higher in the classic KS group (69 vs. 38.5 years; p < 0.001). Male sex predominated in both groups (classic KS: 76.1%; AIDS-related KS: 100%; p = 0.113). AIDS-related KS presented with more advanced disease at diagnosis, with 70% classified as poor-risk by ACTG-TIS criteria versus 9.8% Stage IV by Brambilla criteria in classic KS, and more frequent extracutaneous involvement (70% vs. 8.7%; p < 0.001). Paclitaxel was the most commonly used first-line agent in classic KS (42.9%), while pegylated liposomal doxorubicin predominated in AIDS-related KS (87.5%). Overall response rates were high and comparable between groups (90.7% vs. 88.9%). Median overall survival was significantly longer in classic KS (66.9 vs. 22.67 months; p = 0.012). Disease stage and lesion morphology were not significantly associated with survival in either group. Conclusions: Classic and AIDS-related KS differ substantially in clinical presentation and survival outcomes, yet demonstrate comparable chemosensitivity. Our findings in the AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma group are preliminary and hypothesis-generating due to the small sample size, requiring confirmation in larger prospective cohorts.