The research tries to give response to a question that all Venezuelan people constantly ask: are economic resources of the nation well administered? Based on this question, we realize a study on the efficiency and the productivity of the State in the use of the gross domestic product (GDP) for generating social welfare, to increase the economic levels of the country and to cancel the foreign debt. The method used for the measurement of efficiency and productivity is the data envolvent analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist's Index, respectively. A certain period of the administration of the State was assumed and the variables of input certain were the GDP, the public and social expenses and, as output, macroeconomic variables and social indicators, among which are: education rate, life expectancy, etc. The results show that, during the last decade in Venezuela, there has been an inequitable distribution of money, because the state has not achieved the balance between generation of social welfare, the increase of the national economic development and payment of debts. Finally, the percentage of inefficiency in the use of social spending was proposed as a measure of all the vices affecting the government institutions.

This article aims to review the perspective of sustainability adoption in universities through two dimensions: firstly, from the educational and research process, and second, from their global positioning in terms of the performance of their university campus. For this purpose, a bibliometric analysis was carried out, referring to publications dating from 2006 to 2020, using the terms “Sustainability, green universities and curricular sustainability” as search keywords. In addition, an analysis of eight global university rankings was made, gathering information from their official websites on their evaluation fields, indicators, and volume of Ibero–American universities cataloged. The result is that, since 2007, the number of publications on this topic has increased, showing that the participation of Latin American in publications is very low (3.69%). Furthermore, only 12% of Latin American universities are included in world rankings. Sustainability has hardly been integrated into university academic programs; likewise, it is observed that the traditional world ranking of universities mainly take into account factors related to teaching and research, without considering criteria related to sustainability. Moreover, it is essential to develop policies that encourage universities to develop sustainability strategies in their academic and institutional processes in general, as well as in the global university evaluation systems, in order to value sustainability adequately in both in academics, research and institutional performance.

In this paper the fault location is presented in distribution systems with distributed generation using Support Vector Machines and information provided by smart meters located on the system. Different types of faults that can occur in a distribution system are simulated for fault resistances 5 to 30 Ohms in steps of 5 Ohms. Support Vector Machines were trained with effective voltage values measured at the substation in distributed generation and smart meters. The results show that the accuracy in locating all types of failure is higher than 87%, demonstrating a fortress in this tool.