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Dr. Danling Wang
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Microfabrication
0 Novel functionalized nanomaterials based sensor devices
0 Advanced sensing techniques
0 Device fabrication and design
0 Nanomaterial synthesis and nanotechnology

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Review
Published: 19 July 2021 in Electrochem
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As an essential part of solid-state lithium-ion batteries, solid electrolytes are receiving increasing interest. Among all solid electrolytes, garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) has proven to be one of the most promising electrolytes because of its high ionic conductivity at room temperature, low activation energy, good chemical and electrochemical stability, and wide potential window. Since the first report of LLZO, extensive research has been done in both experimental investigations and theoretical simulations aiming to improve its performance and make LLZO a feasible solid electrolyte. These include developing different methods for the synthesis of LLZO, using different crucibles and different sintering temperatures to stabilize the crystal structure, and adopting different methods of cation doping to achieve more stable LLZO with a higher ionic conductivity and lower activation energy. It also includes intensive efforts made to reveal the mechanism of Li ion movement and understand its determination of the ionic conductivity of the material through molecular dynamic simulations. Nonetheless, more insightful study is expected in order to obtain LLZO with a higher ionic conductivity at room temperature and further improve chemical and electrochemical stability, while optimal multiple doping is thought to be a feasible and promising route. This review summarizes recent progress in the investigations of crystal structure and preparation of LLZO, and the impacts of doping on the lithium ionic conductivity of LLZO.

ACS Style

Mozammal Raju; Fadhilah Altayran; Michael Johnson; Danling Wang; QiFeng Zhang. Crystal Structure and Preparation of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) Solid-State Electrolyte and Doping Impacts on the Conductivity: An Overview. Electrochem 2021, 2, 390 -414.

AMA Style

Mozammal Raju, Fadhilah Altayran, Michael Johnson, Danling Wang, QiFeng Zhang. Crystal Structure and Preparation of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) Solid-State Electrolyte and Doping Impacts on the Conductivity: An Overview. Electrochem. 2021; 2 (3):390-414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mozammal Raju; Fadhilah Altayran; Michael Johnson; Danling Wang; QiFeng Zhang. 2021. "Crystal Structure and Preparation of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) Solid-State Electrolyte and Doping Impacts on the Conductivity: An Overview." Electrochem 2, no. 3: 390-414.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2021 in Biosensors
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Major advances in cancer control can be greatly aided by early diagnosis and effective treatment in its pre-invasive state. Lung cancer (small cell and non-small cell) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among both men and women around the world. A lot of research attention has been directed toward diagnosing and treating lung cancer. A common method of lung cancer treatment is based on COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors. This is because COX-2 is commonly overexpressed in lung cancer and also the abundance of its enzymatic product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Instead of using traditional COX-2 inhibitors to treat lung cancer, here, we introduce a new anti-cancer strategy recently developed for lung cancer treatment. It adopts more abundant omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids such as dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) in the daily diet and the commonly high levels of COX-2 expressed in lung cancer to promote the formation of 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (8-HOA) through a new delta-5-desaturase (D5Di) inhibitor. The D5Di does not only limit the metabolic product, PGE2, but also promote the COX-2 catalyzed DGLA peroxidation to form 8-HOA, a novel anti-cancer free radical byproduct. Therefore, the measurement of the PGE2 and 8-HOA levels in cancer cells can be an effective method to treat lung cancer by providing in-time guidance. In this paper, we mainly report on a novel sensor, which is based on a newly developed functionalized nanomaterial, 2-dimensional nanosheets, or Ti3C2 MXene. The preliminary results have proven to sensitively, selectively, precisely, and effectively detect PGE2 and 8-HOA in A549 lung cancer cells. The capability of the sensor to detect trace level 8-HOA in A549 has been verified in comparison with the traditional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. The sensing principle could be due to the unique structure and material property of Ti3C2 MXene: a multilayered structure and extremely large surface area, metallic conductivity, and ease and versatility in surface modification. All these make the Ti3C2 MXene-based sensor selectively adsorb 8-HOA molecules through effective charge transfer and lead to a measurable change in the conductivity of the material with a high signal-to-noise ratio and excellent sensitivity.

ACS Style

Mahek Sadiq; Lizhi Pang; Michael Johnson; Venkatachalem Sathish; QiFeng Zhang; Danling Wang. 2D Nanomaterial, Ti3C2 MXene-Based Sensor to Guide Lung Cancer Therapy and Management. Biosensors 2021, 11, 40 .

AMA Style

Mahek Sadiq, Lizhi Pang, Michael Johnson, Venkatachalem Sathish, QiFeng Zhang, Danling Wang. 2D Nanomaterial, Ti3C2 MXene-Based Sensor to Guide Lung Cancer Therapy and Management. Biosensors. 2021; 11 (2):40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahek Sadiq; Lizhi Pang; Michael Johnson; Venkatachalem Sathish; QiFeng Zhang; Danling Wang. 2021. "2D Nanomaterial, Ti3C2 MXene-Based Sensor to Guide Lung Cancer Therapy and Management." Biosensors 11, no. 2: 40.

Conference paper
Published: 02 November 2020 in Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Biosensors
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Major advances in cancer control can be greatly aided by early diagnosis and effective treatment in its pre-invasive state. Lung cancer (small cell and non-small cell) is a leading cause of cancer-related death among both men and women around the world. A lot of research attention has been attracted to diagnosing and treating lung cancer. A common method of lung cancer treatment is based on COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors. This is because COX-2 is commonly over expressed in lung cancer and also the abundance of its enzymatic product Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Instead of using traditional COX-2 inhibitors to treat lung cancer, here, we report a new anti-cancer strategy recently developed for lung cancer treatment. It adopts more abundant omega-6 (ω-6)fatty acids such as dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) in the daily diet and the commonly high levels of COX expressed in lung cancer to promote the formation of 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (8-HOA) through a new delta-5-desaturase (D5Di) inhibitor. The D5Di will not only limit the metabolic product, PGE2 but also promote the COX-2 catalyzed DGLA peroxidation to form 8-HOA, a novel anti-cancer free radical byproduct. Therefore, the measurement of the PGE2 and 8-HOA levels in cancer cells can be an effective method to treat lung cancer by providing in-time guidance. A novel sensor based on a newly developed functionalized nanomaterial, 2-dimensional nanosheets, Ti3C2 MXene, has proved to sensitively, selectively, precisely and effectively detect PGE2 and 8-HOA in A549 lung cancer cells. Due to the multilayered structure and extremely large surface area, metallic conductivity and easy and versatile in surface modification, Ti3C2 MXene-based sensor will be able to selectively adsorb different molecules through physical adsorption or electrostatic attraction, and lead to a measurable change in the conductivity of the material with high signal-to-noise ratio and excellent sensitivity.

ACS Style

Mahek Sadiq; Lizhi Pang; Michael Johnson; Venkatachalem Sathish; Danling Wang. 2D Nanomaterial, Ti3C2 MXene-Based Sensor to Guide Lung Cancer Therapy and Management. Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Biosensors 2020, 60, 29 .

AMA Style

Mahek Sadiq, Lizhi Pang, Michael Johnson, Venkatachalem Sathish, Danling Wang. 2D Nanomaterial, Ti3C2 MXene-Based Sensor to Guide Lung Cancer Therapy and Management. Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Biosensors. 2020; 60 (1):29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahek Sadiq; Lizhi Pang; Michael Johnson; Venkatachalem Sathish; Danling Wang. 2020. "2D Nanomaterial, Ti3C2 MXene-Based Sensor to Guide Lung Cancer Therapy and Management." Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Biosensors 60, no. 1: 29.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2020 in Chemosensors
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The acetone content in the exhaled breath of individuals as a biomarker of diabetes has become widely studied as a non-invasive means of quantifying blood glucose levels. This calls for development of sensors for the quantitative analysis of trace concentration of acetone, which is presents in the human exhaled breath. Traditional gas detection systems, such as the Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and several types of chemiresistive sensors are currently being used for this purpose. However, these systems are known to have limitations of size, cost, response time, operating conditions, and consistent accuracy. An ideal breath acetone sensor should provide solutions to overcome the above limitations and provide good stability and reliability. It should be a simple and portable detection system of good sensitivity, selectivity that is low in terms of both cost and power consumption. To achieve this goal, in this paper, we report a new sensing nanomaterial made by nanocomposite, 1D KWO (K2W7O22) nanorods/2D Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, as the key component to design an acetone sensor. The preliminary result exhibits that the new nanocomposite has an improved response to acetone, with 10 times higher sensitivity comparing to KWO-based sensor, much better tolerance of humidity interference and enhanced stability for multiple months. By comparing with other nanomaterials: Ti3C2, KWO, and KWO/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites with variable ratio of KWO and Ti3C2Tx from 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 2:1, 4:1, and 9:1, the initial results confirm the potential of the novel KWO/Ti3C2 (2:1) nanocomposite to be an excellent sensing material for application in sensitive and selective detection of breath acetone for diabetics health care and prevention.

ACS Style

Obinna Ama; Mahek Sadiq; Michael Johnson; QiFeng Zhang; Danling Wang. Novel 1D/2D KWO/Ti3C2Tx Nanocomposite-Based Acetone Sensor for Diabetes Prevention and Monitoring. Chemosensors 2020, 8, 102 .

AMA Style

Obinna Ama, Mahek Sadiq, Michael Johnson, QiFeng Zhang, Danling Wang. Novel 1D/2D KWO/Ti3C2Tx Nanocomposite-Based Acetone Sensor for Diabetes Prevention and Monitoring. Chemosensors. 2020; 8 (4):102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Obinna Ama; Mahek Sadiq; Michael Johnson; QiFeng Zhang; Danling Wang. 2020. "Novel 1D/2D KWO/Ti3C2Tx Nanocomposite-Based Acetone Sensor for Diabetes Prevention and Monitoring." Chemosensors 8, no. 4: 102.

Review
Published: 21 August 2020 in Electrochem
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Electrodeposition, which features low cost, easy scale-up, good control in the composition and great flexible substrate compatibility, is a favorable technique for producing thin films. This paper reviews the use of the electrodeposition technique for the fabrication of several representative chalcogenides that have been widely used in photovoltaic devices. The review focuses on narrating the mechanisms for the formation of films and the key factors that affect the morphology, composition, crystal structure and electric and photovoltaic properties of the films. The review ends with a remark section addressing some of the key issues in the electrodeposition method towards creating high quality chalcogenide films.

ACS Style

Sudipto Saha; Michael Johnson; Fadhilah Altayaran; Youli Wang; Danling Wang; QiFeng Zhang. Electrodeposition Fabrication of Chalcogenide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications. Electrochem 2020, 1, 286 -321.

AMA Style

Sudipto Saha, Michael Johnson, Fadhilah Altayaran, Youli Wang, Danling Wang, QiFeng Zhang. Electrodeposition Fabrication of Chalcogenide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications. Electrochem. 2020; 1 (3):286-321.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sudipto Saha; Michael Johnson; Fadhilah Altayaran; Youli Wang; Danling Wang; QiFeng Zhang. 2020. "Electrodeposition Fabrication of Chalcogenide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications." Electrochem 1, no. 3: 286-321.

Journal article
Published: 28 January 2020 in Nanomaterials
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A newly synthesized nanomaterial known as KxW7O22 (KxWO) exhibits a stable room-temperature ferroelectric property. This unique ferroelectric property has revealed that KxWO is a promising material for application in a breath sensor, which can be used for patients to monitor their daily health condition and diagnose disease at every early stage with low cost, convenience, and non-invasion. In this study, we successfully synthesized nano-structured KxWO through a low cost but high yield hydrothermal method. The sensing response of KxWO to acetone is examined based on a chemiresistive effect. For the first time, we systematically studied how material structures and the component, potassium (K), can affect KxWO-based sensing performance. The results indicate that the low temperature ferroelectric property of KxWO causes an excellent response to acetone, which is the biomarker for diabetes. The lowest detection limit can be down to 0.1 ppm and the KxWO-based sensor can operate at room temperature. In addition, the Kx component KxWO and its crystal structure also play an important role in improving its sensing performance. Our results provide advanced research in (1) exploring the study of KxWO material properties by tailoring the concentration of the potassium in KxWO and introducing the surfactant Pluronic L-121 in the growing process, and (2) optimizing KxWO sensing performance by controlling its material properties.

ACS Style

Michael E. Johnson; QiFeng Zhang; And Danling Wang. KxWO Is a Novel Ferroelectric Nanomaterial for Application as a Room Temperature Acetone Sensor. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 225 .

AMA Style

Michael E. Johnson, QiFeng Zhang, And Danling Wang. KxWO Is a Novel Ferroelectric Nanomaterial for Application as a Room Temperature Acetone Sensor. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (2):225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael E. Johnson; QiFeng Zhang; And Danling Wang. 2020. "KxWO Is a Novel Ferroelectric Nanomaterial for Application as a Room Temperature Acetone Sensor." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2: 225.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in MEDICAL DEVICES & SENSORS
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ACS Style

Michael Johnson; QiFeng Zhang; Danling Wang. Room‐temperature ferroelectric K 2 W 7 O 22 (KWO) nanorods as a sensor material for the detection of acetone. MEDICAL DEVICES & SENSORS 2019, 2, 1 .

AMA Style

Michael Johnson, QiFeng Zhang, Danling Wang. Room‐temperature ferroelectric K 2 W 7 O 22 (KWO) nanorods as a sensor material for the detection of acetone. MEDICAL DEVICES & SENSORS. 2019; 2 (3-4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Johnson; QiFeng Zhang; Danling Wang. 2019. "Room‐temperature ferroelectric K 2 W 7 O 22 (KWO) nanorods as a sensor material for the detection of acetone." MEDICAL DEVICES & SENSORS 2, no. 3-4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2018 in Sensors
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Diabetes is one of the most rapidly-growing chronic diseases in the world. Acetone, a volatile organic compound in exhaled breath, shows a positive correlation with blood glucose and has proven to be a biomarker for type-1 diabetes. Measuring the level of acetone in exhaled breath can provide a non-invasive, low risk of infection, low cost, and convenient way to monitor the health condition of diabetics. There has been continuous demand for the improvement of this non-invasive, sensitive sensor system to provide a fast and real-time electronic readout of blood glucose levels. A novel nanostructured K2W7O22 has been recently used to test acetone with concentration from 0 parts-per-million (ppm) to 50 ppm at room temperature. The results revealed that a K2W7O22 sensor shows a sensitive response to acetone, but the detection limit is not ideal due to the limitations of the detection system of the device. In this paper, we report a K2W7O22 sensor with an improved sensitivity and detection limit by using an optimized circuit to minimize the electronic noise and increase the signal to noise ratio for the purpose of weak signal detection while the concentration of acetone is very low.

ACS Style

Razuan Hossain; QiFeng Zhang; Michael Johnson; Danling Wang. Highly Sensitive Room-Temperature Sensor Based on Nanostructured K2W7O22 for Application in the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Diabetes. Sensors 2018, 18, 3703 .

AMA Style

Razuan Hossain, QiFeng Zhang, Michael Johnson, Danling Wang. Highly Sensitive Room-Temperature Sensor Based on Nanostructured K2W7O22 for Application in the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Diabetes. Sensors. 2018; 18 (11):3703.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Razuan Hossain; QiFeng Zhang; Michael Johnson; Danling Wang. 2018. "Highly Sensitive Room-Temperature Sensor Based on Nanostructured K2W7O22 for Application in the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Diabetes." Sensors 18, no. 11: 3703.

Journal article
Published: 10 April 2018 in IEEE Sensors Journal
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Acetone existing in human breath is an effective biomarker of diabetes which can be used for the early diagnosis and daily monitoring the health status of diabetes (in particular, type 1 diabetes). Comparing to other conventional methods for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring based on analyzing blood glucose level, breath analysis of acetone is a method with merits such as non-invasive, accurate, convenient, and inexpensive. A novel nanostructured K2W7O22 was recently developed and tested on its feasibility for acetone detection. The results show that K2W7O22 can effectively detect trace amount of acetone at room temperature. The lowest detection limit ~ 2.0 ppm (parts per million) with a fast response time of 12 s is achieved. Further improvement of sensing performance with detection limit down to 25 ppb (parts per billion) of acetone can be achieved through optimizing the material properties of K2W7O22 and modifying the design of device circuit to realize weak signal detection. The excellent acetone response is studied due to unique properties of K2W7O22, ferroelectric and semiconducting, which result in the effective interaction and strong charge transfer between acetone and K2W7O22. This study can improve the understanding of the new material and its sensing mechanism, and thus give ideas for further increasing the sensitivity for acetone detection, eventually resulting in an advanced material capable of analyzing acetone in exhaled breath for disease diagnosis and monitoring purpose.

ACS Style

Danling Wang; QiFeng Zhang; Razuan Hossain; Michael Johnson. High Sensitive Breath Sensor Based on Nanostructured K2W7O22 for Detection of Type 1 Diabetes. IEEE Sensors Journal 2018, 18, 4399 -4404.

AMA Style

Danling Wang, QiFeng Zhang, Razuan Hossain, Michael Johnson. High Sensitive Breath Sensor Based on Nanostructured K2W7O22 for Detection of Type 1 Diabetes. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2018; 18 (11):4399-4404.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danling Wang; QiFeng Zhang; Razuan Hossain; Michael Johnson. 2018. "High Sensitive Breath Sensor Based on Nanostructured K2W7O22 for Detection of Type 1 Diabetes." IEEE Sensors Journal 18, no. 11: 4399-4404.

Journals
Published: 01 January 2013 in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
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Environmental humidity is an important factor that can influence the sensing performance of a metal oxide. TiO2-(B) in the form of nanowires has been demonstrated to be a promising material for the detection of explosive gases such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). However, the elimination of cross-sensitivity of the explosive detectors based on TiO2-(B) toward environmental humidity is still a major challenge. It was found that the cross-sensitivity could be effectively modulated when the thin film of TiO2-(B) nanowires was exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light during the detection of explosives under operating conditions. Such a modulation of sensing responses of TiO2-(B) nanowires to explosives by UV light was attributed to a photocatalytic effect, with which the water adsorbed on the TiO2-(B) nanowire surface was split and therefore the sensor response performance was less affected. It was revealed that the cross-sensitivity could be suppressed up to 51% when exposed to UV light of 365 nm wavelength with an intensity of 40 mW cm−2. This finding proves that the reduction of cross-sensitivity to humidity through UV irradiation is an effective approach that can improve the performance of a sensor based on TiO2-(B) nanowires for the detection of explosive gas.

ACS Style

Danling Wang; Antao Chen; Alex Jen. Reducing cross-sensitivity of TiO2-(B) nanowires to humidity using ultraviolet illumination for trace explosive detection. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2013, 15, 5017 -5021.

AMA Style

Danling Wang, Antao Chen, Alex Jen. Reducing cross-sensitivity of TiO2-(B) nanowires to humidity using ultraviolet illumination for trace explosive detection. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2013; 15 (14):5017-5021.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danling Wang; Antao Chen; Alex Jen. 2013. "Reducing cross-sensitivity of TiO2-(B) nanowires to humidity using ultraviolet illumination for trace explosive detection." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 15, no. 14: 5017-5021.

Journals
Published: 24 February 2012 in Nanoscale
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Silicon nanowires are observed to behave as chemically modulated resistors and exhibit sensitive and fast electrical responses to vapors of common nitro explosives and their degradation by-products. The nanowires were prepared with a top-down nano-fabrication process on a silicon-on-insulator wafer. The surface of the silicon nanowires was modified by plasma treatments. Both hydrogen and oxygen plasma treatments can significantly improve the responses, and oxygen plasma changes the majority carrier from p- to n-type on the surface of silicon nanowire thin films. The sensitivity is found to increase when the cross-section of the nanowires decreases.

ACS Style

Danling Wang; Haishan Sun; Antao Chen; Sei-Hum Jang; Alex Jen; Attila Szep. Chemiresistive response of silicon nanowires to trace vapor of nitro explosives. Nanoscale 2012, 4, 2628 -2632.

AMA Style

Danling Wang, Haishan Sun, Antao Chen, Sei-Hum Jang, Alex Jen, Attila Szep. Chemiresistive response of silicon nanowires to trace vapor of nitro explosives. Nanoscale. 2012; 4 (8):2628-2632.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danling Wang; Haishan Sun; Antao Chen; Sei-Hum Jang; Alex Jen; Attila Szep. 2012. "Chemiresistive response of silicon nanowires to trace vapor of nitro explosives." Nanoscale 4, no. 8: 2628-2632.

Journals
Published: 22 August 2011 in The Analyst
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Nanostructured TiO2(B) thin films were found to have strong and fast chemiresistive response to nitro-aromatic and nitro-amino explosives recently. In this study, the effects of dipole moment and electron deficiency of the analyte molecules on the chemiresistive response are explored to understand the details of molecular interactions of analytes with the sensor surface which lead to charge depletion and the chemiresistive effect. It was found that the speed of the response is dominated by the polarity of the analytes and molecules with larger dipole moments produce faster responses. The degree of the response was found to be dominated by the electron deficiency of the analytes and molecules with greater electron deficiency produce stronger chemiresistive responses.

ACS Style

Danling Wang; Antao Chen; Sei-Hum Jang; Joshua Davies; Alex Jen. The effect of dipole moment and electron deficiency of analytes on the chemiresistive response of TiO2(B) nanowires. The Analyst 2011, 136, 4179 -4182.

AMA Style

Danling Wang, Antao Chen, Sei-Hum Jang, Joshua Davies, Alex Jen. The effect of dipole moment and electron deficiency of analytes on the chemiresistive response of TiO2(B) nanowires. The Analyst. 2011; 136 (20):4179-4182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danling Wang; Antao Chen; Sei-Hum Jang; Joshua Davies; Alex Jen. 2011. "The effect of dipole moment and electron deficiency of analytes on the chemiresistive response of TiO2(B) nanowires." The Analyst 136, no. 20: 4179-4182.

Journals
Published: 15 April 2011 in Journal of Materials Chemistry
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Thin films of TiO2(B) nanowires are known to have sensitive and fast response to vapors of nitro-explosives under ambient conditions. The sensing response is believed to be affected by the humidity of ambient air that changes the density of hydroxyl groups on the TiO2(B) surfaces. To verify this mechanism, the role of surface hydroxyl groups on TiO2(B) nanowires was investigated via various surface modifications. It was found that a higher density of surface hydroxyl groups will constantly enhance the chemiresistive response of TiO2(B) nanowires to the nitro-explosives vapors. These surface hydroxyl groups serve as a pathway for effective charge transfer between the nitro groups on the explosive molecules and the TiO2(B). The evidence of charge transfer complex formation between nitro groups and titanium dioxide is also confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

ACS Style

Danling Wang; Antao Chen; Sei-Hum Jang; Hin-Lap Yip; Alex Jen. Sensitivity of titania(B) nanowires to nitroaromatic and nitroamino explosives at room temperature via surface hydroxyl groups. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2011, 21, 7269 -7273.

AMA Style

Danling Wang, Antao Chen, Sei-Hum Jang, Hin-Lap Yip, Alex Jen. Sensitivity of titania(B) nanowires to nitroaromatic and nitroamino explosives at room temperature via surface hydroxyl groups. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 2011; 21 (20):7269-7273.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danling Wang; Antao Chen; Sei-Hum Jang; Hin-Lap Yip; Alex Jen. 2011. "Sensitivity of titania(B) nanowires to nitroaromatic and nitroamino explosives at room temperature via surface hydroxyl groups." Journal of Materials Chemistry 21, no. 20: 7269-7273.

Journal article
Published: 06 June 2002 in Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
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ACS Style

QiFeng Zhang; Danling Wang; Qihuang Gong; Jinlei Wu. Investigation on transient relaxation in Ag-BaO composite thin film with pump supercontinuum-probe technique. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2002, 35, 1326 -1329.

AMA Style

QiFeng Zhang, Danling Wang, Qihuang Gong, Jinlei Wu. Investigation on transient relaxation in Ag-BaO composite thin film with pump supercontinuum-probe technique. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2002; 35 (12):1326-1329.

Chicago/Turabian Style

QiFeng Zhang; Danling Wang; Qihuang Gong; Jinlei Wu. 2002. "Investigation on transient relaxation in Ag-BaO composite thin film with pump supercontinuum-probe technique." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 35, no. 12: 1326-1329.